National costume: Buryats in different periods of life

On the territory of modern Buryatia people have lived since the Paleolithic times, this is evidenced by archaeological finds. That is, even for 20-30 thousand years before our people people were able to save life in difficult natural conditions. Contributed to this in large measure and national costume. From the beginning of the centuries, Buryats used clothes that they had in their everyday life: animal skins, their wool, horse hair and, later, natural fabrics.

History of the costume

On both sides of Lake Baikal lived different tribes, which had their ethnographic features. There were many Mongol-speaking clans, Yakuts, Tungus, Tofalars and other nationalities. Buryats as a people took shape only from the middle of the 17th century after joining the Russian Empire. All that is preserved in museums and private collections, refers to precisely this time. Preserved his original appearance of the national costume. Buryats engaged mainly in cattle breeding, they roamed a lot. The skills associated with hunting and processing skins were passed down from generation to generation.

All this is reflected in the suit: not only ancient robe made of wool, leather shoes, but also silver and gold female ornaments, whose age is estimated for centuries.

Women's and men's clothing

By the form of the costume, you can immediately determine who the clothes are intended for - a man or a woman. In addition, there were differences for each period of life. The clothes of boys and girls, boys and girls, married women and old people carried their clothes in quite different ways. Combines all kinds of costumes with maximum comfort and excellent protection against cold.

Buryats - the indigenous people of Siberia. Their costume was influenced by the climate. The basis - tanned hides, fur, wool, horse hair. Later, with the appearance of trade relations with China and Asia, silk, brocade, chescha, velvet were added. In some areas, noble metal threads were used. People living in these parts will tell everything about the owner of the national costume. Buryats know how to accurately and concisely describe the basic circumstances of a person's life.

Men's suit

Buryat clothing for both men and women is designed primarily for nomadic life in the saddle. The peculiarities of the cut adapted the products so that they could be carried on the horse for many hours without fatigue and, if necessary, spend the night in the open air.

Directly on the body put on a shirt made of natural cloth (most often made of cotton) and narrow pants made of rough leather. In any pants, any road is not terrible. The shoes were made from the skin of foals - for the winter, and for the summer it was woven from horsehair, and the leather sole was simply sewn.

On the top hung winter (degel) or summer (Terlig) robe. Dagel from sheepskin, you could decorate it with velvet or other cloth. Summer dressing gown was made of any natural fabric.

Features of the digel

The gown should be adjacent to the body so as not to leave a place for cold air. The sizes of a dressing gown individual, but there are obligatory parts:

• back;
• Sides;
• Bodice;
• before;
• The upper floor;
• Lower floor.

The body is completely covered with a bathrobe, and the floors can be used as a bed: one to lie down, and another to hide. So the national costume makes life easier. Buryat people are very practical people, and every detail of the costume has been tested for centuries. Necessarily worn belt. Belted gown formed a pocket in which they carried a bowl to always have personal dining utensils at hand. The Pial was worn in a cloth case, and the smoking accessories were hung on the belt.

What does the national costume of Buryats for women look like?

The type of the costume depends entirely on the age for which it is intended. The girls wear a long one-piece robe, gird it. So the flexibility of the maiden figure is emphasized. With the onset of the present maiden age - about 15 years - the dressing of the dressing gown is changing. The gown is cut along the waist line, a beautiful sash is put on, and from the top there is a mandatory item of women's clothing - a sleeveless jacket.

A sleeveless shirt has a different look for married and unmarried women. A short sleeveless shirt was required to be worn by all women in the presence of men. Covered back is one of the main signs of decency for women.

The sexual maturity of the girl was indicated by a silver heart in the headdress. Girls wishing to get married wore two round silver plates on their belts. To these plates were attached devices for the care of themselves - knives, scissors, uhovortki.

Women's costumes of the peoples of Russia always emphasize women's dignity . Buryats are no exception: a woman in a national costume looks great. So, a married woman dressed in a gathered skirt and a jacket. Such a suit allowed to look good during pregnancy and lactation.

Clothing for the elderly

The main thing in these suits is convenience and practicality, as well as excellent protection from cold. Wore all the same, only the cut was more free, and the number of ornaments decreased. The Buryat folk costume also included shoes made according to individual measurements. Two types of shoes were used: similar to a stocking and a shoe. The Ugrians, which have recently become fashionable, are stylized folk shoes, which in the original were meant for old people whose feet were frozen.

Shoes supplemented with knee-high stockings knitted from sheep's wool.

The hat was an obligatory part of the costume, sewed it from natural fur, most often otters. The preferred form is conical, although researchers identify more than 50 varieties.

National decorations of Buryat women

They are diverse and multilayered. They were made of silver with numerous inserts of precious stones. Ancient Buryats believed that in the ornaments the souls of children, dead ancestors and animals settle.

Ornaments were wards of the family. They wore pendants mounted on the temples, descending on the chest and neck. Compulsory were numerous rings on all fingers of the fingers, except for the middle.

For the braids there were "cases" - various combinations of metal plates and fabrics. It was believed that this preserves the magical power of women's hair.