Names of forest birds. Name and species of birds. Birds of Russia

Our planet is inhabited by so many birds, whose name we sometimes did not even hear. They are found everywhere: in forests, mountains, steppes, on the coasts of the seas and even in the cold tundra. The diversity of this group of animals is so great that, for example, only in the territory of the Russian Federation you can meet representatives of more than 400 species, including not only sedentary, but also migratory birds, photos with names that are easy to find in atlases.

A group of passerine

Interestingly, more than 50% of all bird species belong to the order of passerine, the smallest is the king (6 g), and the largest is the crow (1.5 kg). In total, there are four subspecies of these birds: singers, half-beasts, screaming (tyrants) and broad-cheeked (rogoklyuvye). The habits and coloring of birds, including forest, are very diverse, with the males singing and most effective. They are the first to arrive at the place chosen for nesting, and singing denote territory and attract females. Some species, such as starlings and jays, are able to copy the voices of different birds and some words of our speech. Are widespread everywhere.

Some passerine birds live in flocks during the nesting period, but most of them form pairs. The place is chosen by the male, and various subspecies are preferred by hollows, tree branches, rocks, burrows in the ground, rocks, etc. Reproduction takes place in spring or summer, although, for example, the cross is not afraid of the cold, and if there is enough food (spruce and pine cones ), Then it nests even in January.

All the passerine-like breed hatchlings, which are born barely covered with light fluff, deaf and blind, but grow very fast. Feed the young and the female, and the male. On the 10-15th day, accompanied by parents, the babies fly out of the nest; In species nesting in hollows, this occurs a little later - on 20-25 days.

The names of birds that belong to the passerine, are always on hearing: a sparrow, a tit, an Oriole, a swallow, a starling, a wagtail, an oatmeal, etc. Of the larger birds, a crow, a jay, a cardinal, a thrush, a mountain brier.

Birds of parks, gardens, meadows and fields

Birds of the order of passerine inhabitants inhabit gardens and city parks, live in fields and meadows. Forest and desert representatives are usually of small size, refer to grazed and insectivorous birds. These are songbirds with short paws that are perfectly adapted to life on trees. In the fields, mixed forests, parkland and gardens, you can often see a bird, a starling, a rook, a bullfinch, a crow, a nightingale, magpie, finch, daw and many other members of the detachment. The names of birds are known to us from early childhood.

Many families have perfectly adapted to the conditions of an open space where there are no tall trees. They include a field lark, oatmeal, pheasant, partridge and others. Patrols of fields in search of snakes and small rodents hunters-owls, lunis, steppe eagles.

All birds of open spaces are adapted to their habitat in their own way. Some of them perfectly move on the ground not only in search of food, but also to escape from enemies, practically without using wings. They have lost the ability to fly, but they have strong legs with short fingers, which contributes to the rapid running and digging of the earth. To this group of birds belong the otter (black grouse, pheasant, partridge, guinea fowl, kraks), ostriches, etc.

Day and night "flying" predators are characterized by powerful wings and sharp claws, which helps them to hunt well. This group includes falcons, black kites, hawks, owls, meadow and field moons, etc.

Steppe birds

The Russian steppes are stretched all the way from the shores of the Azov and Black Seas to the Urals, and it is quite natural that a great number of birds live on such expanses. Steppe and desert birds, the species and names of which we cite later, are forced to be cautious. The open space is not too rich in shelters, so sometimes only a quick reaction and escape can save the bird from the enemy.

Since steppe and desert species travel much among the grass in search of food, their legs are sufficiently developed for this. In addition to partridges, the steppe birds include the crane-crane, avdotka, streptets, suckling, bustard, etc. They skillfully hide in the grass due to the "camouflage" color of feathers and easily find food on fertile steppe soils. Plants and insects are the main food, but birds of prey, photos of which can be found in any manual, prey on snakes, frogs and rodents, which are numerous here, and do not neglect carrion. Some species of birds carry their nests right in the ground, and large predators live on rare trees in these places.

Deserted birds

In the desert there are few birds, because they do not tolerate thirst. In Russia, the south of the Astrakhan region and the east of Kalmykia belong to the desert zones, which abound in vegetation and moisture only in the spring. Comfortably feel in very difficult conditions, such birds as desert chickens, bustard, warbler, steppe eagle. Pelicans, swan-swans, ducks, and white herons can nest near the water basins.

It is impossible not to mention the world's largest flightless bird - an African ostrich, whose weight can reach more than 150 kg. Evolution took care of it, giving a long neck for a good view of the terrain and powerful legs for quick running and hitting the enemy during the bout. Ostriches live in numerous families; Eat vegetation, insects, lizards, rodents, but can pick up the remains of a predator meal. The funny story that ostriches hide their heads in the sand is just a joke, but the females that hatched the chicks literally flatten out on the ground at the sight of danger, trying to become invisible. Because of the heat in summer, the deserted birds are active at night, and in winter - in the daytime, when warm.

Forest birds

Forest birds arrange nests on trees and bushes, as well as in hollows. Woody vegetation serves for them not only as a refuge, but as a place for food. Therefore, the feet of most species are arranged so that they easily grasp branches. Common features are long tails and wide, truncated wings, allowing you to quickly take off, slow down and make cunning maneuvers between dense branches. The majority of passerines, woodpeckers, owls and chicken-like species are referred to forest birds.

In vertical climbing on the trunks of feathered claws are bent and sharp. Some names of forest birds of this group characterize this mode of movement (landslides). For support and balance pikas and woodpeckers use the tail, and tits, finches and some other pchuhi, while obtaining food, are able to be suspended from the branches from below. Forest predators hunt in flight, or swiftly falling down on prey.

Birds of prey

The characteristic features of day and night predators of the forest are a sharp hooked beak and long claws on strong legs. In addition, they have excellent vision and hearing.

Some names of Russian birds belonging to forest predators: owl, white owl, owl, osoedy, buzzard, goshawk, etc.

Origin of the names of birds

The names of birds are not chosen randomly: almost all of them assume the presence of any features noticed by people. For example, for the voice and manner of singing, the names of cuckoo (ku-ku), chizu (chi-chi), tit (blue-blue), rook (gra-gras), and hoopoe, gull, chibis and many other birds are given.

For characteristic feathering, the birds of the Urals have also received the name: green-eyed, hazel-grouse, redstart (jay), and such pichugas as flytrap, oat and nutcracker suggest their preferences in food. The wagtail and the vertigo head are easy to distinguish by behavior, but the nesting site of some birds is literally invested in their name: the swallow-shore digs burrows on high banks, and reeds hide in dense lake vegetation.

It is easy to remember the names of birds for children, if they resemble the sounds they make, for example, when walking, like a heron. She slowly walks through the marsh mud, as if "dripping", raising her long legs high, and the village talk changed the name of the bird from the "cup" to the heron. Or if they are associated, for example, with snow, where the origin of the name of the bullfish comes from.

But the hunters know what the capercaillie got his name for: when he is pining, he is so carried away that he literally stalls and does not hear a dangerous noise at all. But when it is silent, everything turns into attention.

By the time of their habitation, the names were given to such birds as the finch and zaryanka. Small finches fly and fly away in the most chilly, cold months, so they were called, although they themselves are sufficiently frost-resistant. And zarynka, which often settles in gardens closer to people, ringing singing meets the morning and evening dawn.

Bullfinch

The Russian origin of the name of the bird is also peculiar, since it flies to our land for the winter, together with snow, and with the onset of spring flies to dark coniferous forests. Bullfinch is always associated with the new year, so the image of the red-headed small decorate objects of everyday life, decorate New Year cards and souvenirs.

Birds are part of the family of finch and live in packs, constantly echoing each other whistling. In winter it occurs even in city parks. Nests with the onset of heat in the alpine and taiga forests of Eurasia, the Caucasus, and the Carpathians. It feeds on berries, seeds, and buds of trees.

Waterfowl

Waterfowl birds, the photos and names of which are given below, are those birds that can stay on the water. They do not include species that only find food in water bodies. Thanks to a special way of life, they are characterized by common features: webbing between the fingers, dense tail and the secretory gland, lubricating feathers.

The name of the waterfowl, or more precisely of the detachments, is derived from the brightest representative: an anseriform, pelican-shaped, gull-like, gulls, penguin-like, etc. The food is fish, molluscs, frogs, algae that they extract, diving into water like cormorants and dives, or Dropping only his head, like swans and ducks. Seagulls can fish on the fly, submerging only the beak.

Waterfowl of Russia

Widespread in the territory of the Russian Federation are waterfowl, photos and names of most of which are familiar to everyone. Although most are migratory: ducks, geese, swans, etc. At the end of summer, active migration of waterfowl birds to wintering grounds begins. By the way, some representatives of this group spend most of the year far in the sea, returning to shore only for nesting and withdrawal of chicks (some ducks). Sakhalin, Kurils, Kamchatka, Crimea and other places with an abundance of reservoirs can rightly be considered a habitat.

Waterfowl Russian birds, whose names are sailor and eider, live in Yakutia and on the shores of Chukchi Lake. Along the Volga there are nesting: the reindeer, the red-nosed duck, the chomga, the gray goose, the mute swan, the coot.

Red Birds

In all the diversity of birds, red birds stand out, the name of which is very exotic, like the bright plumage. If our lentils, claws and snowshares are partially painted in this color, then the flamingo, the tanagra, the virgin cardinal, the fiery velvet weaver, the ibis - are almost entirely red. Most of these birds live in tropical forests, in the south of America, in Hawaii and other islands, in Australia and Africa. They are related to passeriform, weaver, flamingo, aiiform, and other species.

Interesting features of birds

Different species of birds, in particular, differ in body size, beak shape, color of feathering and habitat. All the features are difficult to describe briefly, so we will mention only a few. It is interesting that the beak of every bird is arranged in such a way that it can easily obtain food for itself. As a result of morphological adaptation, a division of birds into beak form into 14 groups arose, among them: omnivores, anglers, insectivores, water cutters, mowers feeding on seeds of conifers, nectar or fruit, scavengers, predators and others.

As a result of observations, it was noted that some species of birds have remarkable intellect and ingenuity. So, seagulls and crows, finding a clam or nut, lift it into the air, and then throw about the ground to break, repeating this manipulation several times. A green kvakvy for attracting fish throw water bait in the form of a twig or leaf. Parrots, jays and rooks give in to the teaching of human speech, and the woodpecker uses a thin stick to crack the crack in the bark of the tree and extract insects from there.

The role of birds in nature and for humans

The importance of birds in nature can not be understated: interacting with each other and animals, they build a complex relationship that contributes to natural selection. Feathermen help spread the seeds, and some species cross-pollinate flowering plants.

Birds of prey maintain a balance of rodent growth. And thanks to insectivorous pichugas, eating caterpillars and larvae, many cultures, including agricultural ones, are preserved, which is very useful for humans. That is why all kinds of measures are taken to conserve various species of birds, and also natural reserves are created.