Methods of psychodiagnostics

Psychodiagnostics is a science that develops and establishes psychological diagnoses. Seeking to develop those qualities of personality that are expressed least of all by a person, it promotes the full state of his psyche and growth. And the most effective methods of psychodiagnostics are, then with the help of which you can achieve the goals set above. In psychology there are a lot of them. The basic, classical clinical methods of psychodiagnostics are considered, in which on the basis of a multilateral, thorough examination, various data are summarized and a diagnosis is made. More attention is paid not so much to the quantitative measurement, as to the analysis of the phenomena of the psyche to the qualitative one. These methods of psychodiagnostics require the use of intuition and experience. These include the following survey methods: conversation, observation, testing, analysis of the results of human labor, analysis of works of fiction.

Conversation, for example, helps to obtain subjective information about the inner state of a person, the nuances of behavior resulting from verbal communication. Between the client and the psychologist there is a close contact, there is a trust that additionally has a psychotherapeutic influence. Such a connection can not be provided by objective research. But the analysis of human labor, creativity is often complicated by subjective interpretation. The method of observation is rarely carried out independently. More often it accompanies any other diagnostics: conversation, testing. Projective methods in psychodiagnostics are subjective. The procedure for their conduct and interpretation are rather unusual. And they appeared in opposition to psychometric methods, which require accurate calculations, but do not guarantee the correctness of the conclusions.

In order for these methods to be effective, the psychologist should not only be a professional, but also have creative thinking, intuition, and be able to take a special approach to each individual case. These psychodiagnostic methods have such a name, because the tests they use are based on the principle of transfer (projection) to other people's desires and properties that are present in the person himself, but they are also suppressed. Projective methods mainly explore fears, needs, interests, personality orientations, using such popular tests as the Rorschach test, "The non-existent animal", Lusher, TAT, Rosenzweig. Diagnosis according to drawings is especially convenient for the study of small, weakly speaking children. The overall impression of the drawing and its slightest details are important. Rorschach's test, for example, suggests that the examinee tell what the five black and five colored spots made with ink look like. Rosenzweig's test gives the subject a task in 24 pictures depicting conflict situations, complete each sentence with a sentence. The analysis of these phrases reveals the level of stress of a person and predicts his behavior during a conflict. The results of the test "Animal that does not exist" are made based on the layout of the picture on a sheet of paper, the outlines of the drawn figure and parts of its body. The test, developed by a psychologist from Switzerland, received his name - Lusher. According to his technique, each color has an unchanging meaning and its influence on a person. The examinee must choose from 73 (full set) or 8 (incomplete set) color cards, spread out on white paper one by one up to the very last. We must start with the most pleasant color. Those colors that will be chosen first, indicate that the person prefers, loves, the latter by choice - to what he does not care, and the last - to what is unpleasant for him. Thus, psychodiagnostic methods help to identify and understand the unique features of a person, his propensities and motives for actions.