Means of expressiveness in a poem. What is the expressiveness of speech?

The theme of our article is a means of expressiveness in a poem. What is it, we will tell below. As an example of analysis and for fixing the material, the reader is invited to pay attention to F. Tyutchev's poem "Leaves" and Pushkin's beautiful poetic lines "Winter Morning".

What is the means of expressiveness?

Means of expressiveness of speech - a complex of sound (phonetic), syntactic, lexical or phraseological elements used to achieve a better effect from what was said, attract attention, emphasize certain aspects of speech.

Allocate:

• Sound (phonetic) means. This includes the use of certain sounds, which are repeated periodically, giving a special sound. Such methods were often used by symbolist poets. For example, Konstantin Balmont's famous poem "Reeds" fascinates with hissing sounds that create the effect of noise from reeds.
• Syntactic. These are the features of constructing sentences. For example, in V. Mayakovsky - short, biting phrases that immediately focus on the topic.
• Phraseological. This includes the use by the author of phraseological phrases or the so-called winged expressions - aphorisms.
• Lexical and semantic: related to the word and its meaning.
• Pathways. Most often they are inherent in artistic speech. This metaphor and metonymy, hyperbole.

Means of expressiveness in a poem

Before turning to the poem and studying its means of expressiveness, it is worth paying attention to the style of this genre. As we said above, expressive means for each genre use their own. Most often, these ways of emphasizing the author's intention are found in the artistic style. Poetry is definitely an art genre (with some very rare exceptions), so the means of expressiveness in the poem are used so that the reader can perceive more information, better understand the author. For prose writers, the form and style do not allow them to be constrained in the size of their works, whereas it is more difficult for poets to place their feelings and thoughts, vision and understanding into relatively short lines.

The most frequently used techniques of expressiveness in poetry

Means of artistic expressiveness in the poem are quite diverse. They are not the property of a particular author, since they were created and improved over decades. But here on specific examples and on favorite means sometimes it becomes very easy to recognize the author. The poetry of Sergei Yesenin, for example, is always filled with beautiful epithets and amazing metaphors. If a person who knows his style reads an unknown poem, he will most likely call the author without a hitch.

Means of expressiveness in the poem:

• Allegory. The essence of it in the expression of an object or character traits through a certain image. For example, a wolf in fairy tales and fables is always an allegorical symbol of cruelty, ferocity, self-will.
• Hyperbola and litho. Simply put, artistic exaggeration and understatement.
• Antithesis. The way of expressiveness, which is achieved by means of juxtaposition or placing near by two or more contrasting concepts. AS Pushkin, for example, about the storm says: "As a beast, she wails, then weep like a child."
• Anaphora. This is the same beginning of several lines, as in the brilliant poem by Konstantin Simonov "Wait for me".
• Alliteration. The use of consonant sounds of a particular sound series, as in Balmont's "Bulrushes", hissing sounds alternating with each other, create a mystical presence of plant noise at night.
• Metaphor. Portable meaning of the word, based on one or more signs. Esenin's old house, for example. The flimsy hut is compared with the old woman due to the advanced age of both.
• Metonymy. One word instead of another, or part instead of the whole.
• Incarnation. Reception, when the inanimate object is attributed to the properties of the living.
• Comparison and epithet. The first is when one object is compared to another for the best effect of information transfer. The second is known to many on the lessons of literature and is an artistic definition.

Means of expressiveness in the poem "Leaves" Tyutchev

To better consolidate the topic, we will look at specific poems and, on their example, try to understand what are the methods of expressiveness.

This poetic attempt of the writer to understand the meaning of life, to mourn her transience is a real masterpiece of landscape poetry. She is like a monologue of leaves, that they are sad about their fate and so imperceptibly flew into the summer.

There are many means of expressiveness here. This is the personification (the leaves speak, reflect, the author presents them to the reader by living beings), and the antithesis (the leaves contrast themselves with the needle), and the comparison (they call the needles of the hedgehogs the needles of the pines). Here we can also see alliteration techniques (sounds "ж", "ч", "ш").

Playing with temporary forms of verbs helps the author achieve the effect of dynamics, movement. Thanks to this technique, the reader practically senses the transience of time and movement of the leaves. Well, like any poem, "Leaves" was not without the use of epithets. There are a lot of them here, they are colorful and alive.

Pay attention to the size of the poem. In just four small lines, the poet uses a variety of means of expressiveness and raises several philosophical questions. Always be careful when reading poetry, and you will be pleasantly surprised at how much the author tells us.

Poem "Winter Morning"

Means of expressiveness of the poem "Winter Morning" pleases with its diversity. This work is a sample of the best landscape lyrics.

Techniques that A.S. Pushkin uses to achieve a special mood - this is primarily an antithesis. The contrast between the gloomy yesterday and the beautiful today highlights both pictures of nature - a cold snow storm and a beautiful morning - in separate canvases. The reader as if sees the noise of a blizzard, and dazzling snow.

Special positive epithets "charming", "magnificent", "wonderful" emphasize the mood of the author and pass it to us. Present in poetry is also personification. The blizzard here is "angry," and the fog on the gloomy sky was "worn".

Finally

Means of expressiveness of speech do not just decorate and supplement speech, they make it living, artistic. They are like bright paints, by which the artist animates his picture. Their goal is to emphasize and pay attention, to reinforce the impression, perhaps even to surprise. Therefore, when reading poetry, do not rush, ponder what the author wants to convey. Passing the thoughts of the great artists of the word hidden between the lines, you lose a lot.