Machine building of the world

The world's machinery industry ranks first among the industrial sectors in terms of the number of people employed in it and the cost of production. In highly developed countries, the output of the industry accounts for about 35 percent of the cost of all industrial production. For comparison, in the new states - only 15 percent.

For such branches of engineering as electrical, general and transport at the moment, one third of heavy industry. It should be noted that in addition to providing other industries with different machines and mechanisms, and the population with the appropriate products, the metalworking and repair of equipment is part of the industry.

The world's machinery is divided into four main regions:
• North America. It produces about 30 percent of all products - weapons, aircraft, space and rocket technology.
• Central Asia, Russia and Transcaucasia - energy equipment, agricultural machinery, metal-intensive machines and military equipment.
• Eastern, Western and Central Europe produce thirty percent of the output.
• The countries of South-East and East Asia - 25 percent: consumer electronics, ships and cars.

Machine building of the world is distributed unevenly. In some regions, this industry is either not represented at all, or is very poorly represented. But there are also a number of developing countries (Argentina, India and Brazil) in which engineering is at the proper level.

The USA are the leading manufacturer of auto. The annual output is more than twelve million cars. Previously, the leading position was occupied by Japan.

The main producers of electronics are the following countries: China, South Korea and Japan. Developed countries are moving to the status of importers of products of medium and low complexity from the new states.

Thanks to the above trends, the world's machinery industry records a rapid growth in trade in industrial products. The export of vehicles, machinery and equipment accounted for 37 percent of the total. To date, the leaders of mechanical engineering are rightfully considered countries such as Germany, Japan and the United States.

The structure of the machine-building complex includes more than 20 branches: defense products, metalworking industry, production of consumer goods and transport.

But the main task of the Russian machine-building industry remains the provision of production equipment of key sectors of the economy, and primarily the manufacturing industries. The energy intensity of the gross domestic product and the material intensity depend on the development of machine building.

The main problems of domestic engineering are the following:

• Lack of qualified personnel.
• Excessive production capacity, the maintenance costs of which are extremely high.
• Lack of financial resources for the implementation of the strategic transformation program.
• Physical and moral wear and tear on technology and equipment.
• Extremely inefficient cooperation of enterprises.
• Obsolete infrastructure of production capacities.

So what are the prospects for the development of machine building in Russia?

To date, Russian engineering can produce products only for relatively narrow segments of the market. The state of the industry does not contribute to the increase of positions in the world market. There should be state support for this, of course, an important segment of industry. Only when equal conditions are created with the western states for work in the market of machine-building production, we can talk about the corresponding competitiveness of domestic products.

Thus, the main task for Russian engineering is to meet the demand for goods that are produced in the country. However, for this, it is necessary to achieve the proper quality of products, since transport is an area of increased risk.