History of development of psychology and its main branches

The history of the development of psychology ("psyche" in the first with the ancient Greek "soul", "logos" - "science"), as a special knowledge, its roots goes back to the 4th-5th centuries BC, because it originated in the depths Philosophy. Ancient sage Aristotle wrote his treatise On the Soul, in which he managed to outline the basic laws and principles of its functioning.

The history of the development of psychology , as an independent scientific discipline, was already associated with Wundt's research in the 19th century. Since at that time the first programs were created, created by scientists, who were oriented toward the application of a general scientific method of study. Therefore, there was an experiment and the first laboratory, in which the main method was self-observation (introspection).

In the future, psychology began to develop actively, a large number of directions appeared in its framework, which differed in basic theoretical positions, views on the subject of science and research methods.

At the end of the nineteenth century, there gradually emerged the realization that introspection was incapable of revealing the main aspects of the psyche, because there are a larger number of phenomena in the circle of phenomena studied by the psychology.

As a result, the doctrine of Sigmund Freud appeared, which became the founder of the concept of psychoanalysis. Its main provisions are aimed at studying not the human consciousness, as in the first direction, but his personality. That is why the approach is based on such principles as: determinism and development. Special attention was paid to the unconscious as a source of internal activity.

The most serious coup was the teachings of Watson, which was called "behaviorism." Psychology in its framework acted as an objective experimental branch of the natural sciences. The subject is behavior, by which is meant the totality of those muscular and glandular reactions to stimuli from outside that can be seen. Therefore, the main method of research is a behavioral experiment.

The history of the development of psychology at the beginning of the twentieth century is becoming very difficult. As at that time a large number of incompatible, competing and even often incompatible paradigms began to form. This was a unique situation in the formation of science, because in no discipline there have been collisions of such a number of so different paradigms.

It is easy to give an incomplete list of directions that were formed at this time: cognitive behaviorism; Adler's psychoanalysis; The dynamic concept of K. Levine; Gestalt psychology; The descriptive psychology of Spranger; Piaget's theory; Vygotsky's views; Several theories of activity; Reactology Bekhterev and so on.

Therefore, in the science of that time, one can speak of the existence of an open crisis that has not been completed to the present day. The fact is that for modern psychology the diversity of views of the leading paradigms is characteristic. But, thanks to such a number of competing concepts, it is possible to have the most complete understanding of the subject and methods in this science.

Therefore, it can be noted that the history of the development of psychology from this moment began its development. As a result, a large number of its branches were registered.

The history of the development of social psychology is a long way. But since this discipline was formed from a large number of sources, it is almost impossible to determine on what lines the basic elements could be isolated. We are talking about socio-psychological knowledge.

Most of the main directions of science were formed in the same way. The same is the history of the development of legal psychology, age, pedagogy and many others.