Life and work of Shukshin

Vasily Shukshin is a Russian writer who lived in the twentieth century. He was a man of a difficult fate. Shukshin was born in 1929 in the small village of Srostki (Altai Territory). It was a difficult time. As a child, the future writer lost his father. He was repressed. My stepfather died in the war. Shukshin studied in an automobile technical school, worked as a fitter in various cities of the Soviet Union. Served in the army. So his first postwar years passed.

Way to vocation

Secondary education, the future writer completed only in the early 50's. Automobile technical school, he never finished. Certificate Shukshin received in his native village. In Srostki Vasily Makarovich worked as a teacher and even was the director of the school.

How did it happen that after several years spent in his native village, Shukshin went to Moscow to go to VGIK? What thoughts tormented him in those years? Feelings that bore the soul, Shukshin will later describe in his famous village stories. On the proceeds from the sale of the cow money, the future actor and director left for the capital. He followed the call of the heart.

First creative achievements

Feeling a writer's gift, Shukshin submits documents to the scripted faculty, but enters the director's stage. His teacher was the famous Mikhail Romm, the author of the films "Nine Days of One Year" and "Ordinary Fascism". It was this venerable director who advised the young Shukshin to print his stories. Literary success did not come immediately. Only in the early 60's some works were published.

The first directorial work remained unnoticed, but Vasily Makarovich quickly gained recognition as an actor. Creativity Shukshin began with an episode in the film "Quiet Flows the Don." Two years later, the actor starred in his first major role. He was invited by an outstanding director Marlen Khutsiev (the film "Two Fedor"). Actor's career Shukshin evolved successfully. Directors often turned to him with job offers. About two times a year in the Soviet Union there were films with the participation of the actor.

Cinematography and Literature

Director's work Shukshin officially begins in the 60's. Vasily Makarovich arranges to work in the Gorky film studio. Shukshin is considered a promising writer. Vasily Makarovych made his first film based on his own stories. The film "Lives such a guy" received good reviews from the public and critics. This cheerful comedy was awarded with prizes of festivals in Leningrad and Venice.

The next ten years, Shukshin's work as a director was not particularly productive. His film about the uprising of Stepan Razin was rejected by the State Committee for Cinematography. However, this time has not passed without a trace. Vasily Makarovich took two films and published a collection of short stories "Villagers". In addition, during these ten years he married twice and became the father of three daughters.

Personal life

Shukshin's first marriage was unsuccessful. His wife, Maria Shumskaya, was a fellow-country writer. They registered marriage in the Srostki, but returned from the registry office separately, since then they have lived separately, he is in the capital, she is in the village.

The personal life of the writer was complicated. In Moscow, he was addicted to alcohol. Because of this addiction, the second marriage of the writer with Victoria Sofronova disintegrated. In this family was born the first child Shukshin - a girl. In the third marriage with actress Lydia Fedoseyeva Vasily Makarovich had two daughters - Maria and Olga.

The main characters are people from the village

Literary creativity of Shukshin is connected with the Soviet village and its inhabitants. The heroes of his stories surprised readers and critics with his strangeness. The characters of Vasily Makarovych's books can not be called uniquely positive or negative. They are capable of good and bad. Shukshin's heroes are impetuous, impulsive. They often do illogical actions. These people are independent and deeply unhappy. They commit rash actions with heavy consequences because their souls are trampled by betrayal, betrayal and injustice.

The life and work of Shukshin are interrelated. The writer comes from the village. Prototypes of his heroes, he knew firsthand. Often the characters of Shukshin's stories can not understand what is happening to them. Why are they unhappy? And they can not explain and justify their actions. It's all in the human soul. She knows how to live right. Such an intuitive understanding is in conflict with the reality of the unfortunate fate of a village fool, a drunkard or a former prisoner.

The temple as a symbol

In the stories of Shukshin, the church is often mentioned. It is an elevated symbol of purity and morality. And, as a rule, is subject to destruction. In the work "Master" village drunkard Semka-carpenter tries to save the local church. But all his attempts fail. And in the work "Strong muzhik" the hero destroys the temple in order to obtain bricks for the construction of the stable. About the moral fall narrate the life and work of Shukshin.

Attention to everyday life

Stories of Vasily Makarovich criticism is often reproached in bytopisatelstve. This means that, in their opinion, Shukshin paid too much attention to peasant everyday life. It would seem that there is every reason for such accusations. The writer details the unpretentious way of life of his characters, but this method is artistically justified. Village people are not used to think about their fate in philosophical terms. They just live, work, eat and sleep, engage in daily routine. And only a maddened soul from time to time makes itself felt. Shukshin's heroes often do not understand the causes of suffering themselves, and therefore react to them sharply and vigorously.

Different works - one problematics

The variety of folk characters in Shukshin's work is clearly manifested in the story "And in the morning they woke up." This is one of the most famous works of the writer. In the work the author narrates about the morning awakening of people who have found themselves in the sobering-up station. Everyone remembers yesterday and tells the audience his story. Among them there are people from all walks of life: a plumber, a tractor driver, a former prisoner and even a professor.

The central place in Shukshin's work is occupied by the novel "I came to give you freedom." This work is devoted to a historical event - a peasant uprising led by Stepan Razin. The hero of the novel is somewhat like eccentrics from the village stories of the writer. Stepan Razin is as strong, independent, restless man, possessing a heightened sense of justice.

Character traits of the characters

Vasily Shukshin, whose biography and work are studied in many schools and universities, wrote mainly in the genre of the story. Most of his works demonstrate similar problems. The writer does not idealize his characters. As a rule, the villagers in his stories are far from the samples of the sublimity of character and purity of thoughts. The author rarely explains the actions of the heroes. In each of the stories Shukshin - life situation, standard or unique.

Creativity of Vasily Shukshin is very diverse. However, all of his characters are somewhat similar. Their common feature is unrealized. It manifests itself in different ways. In the story "Cut" the village peasant Gleb Kapustin likes to humiliate fellow villagers who have achieved success. He is a clever and erudite man. However, he finds no useful application for his qualities, working on a rural sawmill. Hence - dissatisfaction. Gleb does not drink, he does not suffer from poverty. He finds an original way out to his wounded self-esteem, humiliating people who are more fortunate in life than to him.

The life and work of Vasily Shukshin reflect the throwing of his heroes. Kolya Paratov (the story "The wife of her husband went to Paris") humiliated Valentina's wife. She constantly reproaches that he, without a profession, earns little. Kolya intuitively feels the way out and seeks to return to the village. After all, the city has different values, not everything is measured in money. But the child keeps it. Kolya begins to drink, threatens his wife with violence. Finding himself in a dead end, he commits suicide.

Central Cinematographic Work

Vasily Shukshin, whose biography and creativity attract the attention of all art lovers, entered the history of Russian literature. He did not shoot a lot of films. His directorial work is directly related to literary creation. The central cinematographic work is "Red Kalina".

This film tells the story of Yegor Prokudin. The thief is a recidivist, he was recently released from prison. Yegor goes to the village, to visit Lyuba. With it, he met in absentia, according to prison correspondence. It so happened that in the village Yegor found not only love, friendship and work for the soul. He realized for the first time in his life what it means to live right, according to God's laws. But the past does not let go of Egor. They find accomplices. Prokudin refuses to return to his former life. For this they kill him.

In many works of Shukshin there is the motive of the village as a salvation. It is in it that Yegor Prokudin finds happiness. In the village, Kolya Paratov is torn from the story "The wife of her husband went to Paris". In villages people are closer to nature. The modern consumer society has not yet touched their soul. But the village is just a symbol of lost happiness. Rural residents are tormented by the same internal problems as the citizens. The great Russian writer Vasily Makarovich Shukshin told us about it.