Johar Dudayev: biography, family, photo

Chechnya is famous for its unique mountain scenery, for which many brave heroes fought. The spirit of freedom flows in the veins of the dignity of the Chechen people. For a long time, the model of the unique strong-willed character of this small country was Dzhokhar Dudayev. The biography of the ruler of the Chechen Republic, like the fate of Chechnya itself, is quite rich and tragic. The son of his proud nation defended the interests of his small republic for the rest of his life. How was he, General Jokhar Dudayev?

The biography of the senior elder of the first Chechen military actions leads us into the distant 1944. It became very important for the Chechen population. It was then that Stalin issued an order to expel Chechens from the Chechen-Ingush ASSR into Central Asian and Kazakh lands. This action of the central authorities was explained by the fact that the male population of the Chechen state was engaged in looting and robbery. It was in this year that Jokhar Musayevich was born, who in the future will lead the process for the departure of Chechnya from the USSR.

Formation of the future commander

So, after the deportation, the Dudayev family found themselves in Kazakhstan (in the Pavlodar region). How did Dudayev Jokhar Musayevich spend his youth? The biography of the Chechen celebrity leads to the village of Pervomaiskoye, which is in the Galanchozhsky district of the Chechen-Ingush state. It was here that Johar was born. In some materials, the date of birth is indicated on February 15, but there is no exact confirmation of this. His father's name was Musa, and his mother was Rabiat. They brought up 13 children, the youngest was Dzhokhar Dudayev. The family consisted of 7 children born in this marriage, and 6 children of the father from the previous marriage.

The boy's father died when he was just six years old. Johar was a diligent student, which can not be said about his brothers and sisters. Once for leadership qualities he was elected the leader in the class. Upon his return to his native places, in 1957, the Dudaev family stopped without their father in Grozny.

After graduation (in 1960), Johar became a student of the North Ossetian Pedagogical University. He chose the direction of physics and mathematics. But he studied there only one year. Where does Dzhokhar Dudayev go next?

His biography continues in the Tambov Higher Military Aviation School, where he studied for 4 years. During these years, Jokhara had to carefully conceal his Chechen origin, calling himself an Ossetian. Only after receiving the document on education, in 1966, he insists that his personal origin be inscribed in personal documents.

Army and career of the military

Jokhar Dudayev started military service in the combat units of the Air Force. Photos perfectly demonstrate his military bearing. As soon as he graduated from the military school, he was sent as an assistant to the commander of the aircraft to the Shaikivka airfield in the Kaluga region. After 2 years of service, he joined the ranks of the Communist Party.

Where does the biography of Johar Dudayev go? Briefly worthy of mention is his studies at the Air Force Academy. Yu.A. Gagarin (1971-1974 gg.). Dudaev's record had many military duties: deputy commander of the air regiment, chief of staff, commander of the detachment. He remembered colleagues as a highly moral person, sometimes a bit temperamental and ardent.

Armed conflict in Afghanistan also affected part of the life of the future general. There he was the commander of the Tu-22MZ bomber and made combat sorties on it, although he later denied this fact. Then three years he served in the Ternopil Bomber Brigade. After that he became commander of a military garrison in Estonia (Tartu), where he was awarded the rank of major general of aviation.

What commander was Dzhokhar Dudayev? Biography says that he was a well-informed commander. After the withdrawal of the Soviet army from Afghanistan, he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Battle. Dudayev was distinguished by stubbornness, self-control, the presence of spirit and concern for his subordinates. In the unit entrusted to him there always reigned a strict regime and discipline, the life of subordinates was always well-equipped.

Immersion in political activity

In 1990, Dzhokhar Dudayev took over the chairmanship of the Executive Committee at the Chechen National Forum in Grozny. A year later he initiated the dissolution of the Supreme Council of the CRI and became the head of the public movement for distrust of the government. The general initiated the introduction of parallel administrative bodies, declaring the Chechen deputies incompetent.

After the August events in Moscow in 1991, the political climate in the Chechen Republic became more acute. The authority in their own hands was taken by general democratic organizations. Dudayev's men captured the Grozny City Council, the airport and the city center.

President of the self-proclaimed republic

How did President Dzhokhar Dudayev become President? The biography of the general in the political channel was very rich. In October 1991, he was elected president of Checheno-Ingushetia and announced the disengagement of the republic from the RSFSR. Boris Yeltsin in response to such actions, it was decided to declare a particularly dangerous situation in Chechnya. Dudayev, in turn, allowed the Chechens to acquire and store firearms.

The struggle for independent Chechnya

After the collapse of the USSR, Moscow no longer controlled events in the Chechen Republic. Ammunition from military units was stolen by private persons. In 1992, there was an unexpected change of power in neighboring Georgia. Together with the Georgian leaders, Dudayev took up the formation of the armed organization of Transcaucasia. The goal of such an association was the formation of republics, separated from Russia.

Moscow tried in every possible way to seat Dudayev's government at the negotiating table, but he demanded recognition of the republic's independence. In parallel, the same actions took place in neighboring Georgia, demanding its independence. Unofficially, the rulers of Saudi Arabia showed their disposition toward independent Chechnya, but they were afraid to directly support the power of Dudayev. As president, Dudayev is visiting Turkey, Cyprus, Bosnia, and the United States. The purpose of the American meeting was to sign agreements with the founders for oil production in the Chechen Republic.

Loss of trust and support

After a year of Dudaev's presidency, the situation in Chechnya begins to worsen, disagreements arise in the position of the parliament and the head of state. Johar Dudayev decides to dissolve the parliament and impose a curfew. At that moment, the opposition forces began to form, the president was assassinated, but he managed to escape. All these events led to armed clashes.

Combat clashes in Chechnya (1993-95)

The summer period of 1993 in Chechnya turned out to be hot, the opposition forces had to retreat to the north of the republic. There, the opposition formed its own governing bodies. Dudayev managed to ensure that Chechnya did not take part in the elections of the State Duma of Russia. But the contradictions inside the board of Dzhokhar Dudayev increasingly weakened his administration. The opposition formed the Provisional Council, which was headed by Umar Avturkhanov. Dudayev, on the other hand, began active liquidation of oppositionists, supported by Russia. After the National Convention, which was held by Dudayev, it was decided to declare a "sacred war" of Russia. Thus began the first Chechen war. A merciless struggle for independence of Chechnya is full of biography of Dzhokhar Dudayev. Briefly we should mention the creation of camps for the content of those who disagree with his position.

In December 1994, with the help of helicopters, special services succeeded in eliminating Dudayev's aircraft at the Grozny airport. Opposition forces broke into Grozny, but they could not gain a foothold there, Moscow's support was needed. Russian President Boris Yeltsin ordered the destruction of illegal bandit formations on the territory of Chechnya, headed by Dzhokhar Dudayev. Such an order led to tragic events in Budennovsk. It is a city in the Stavropol Territory, which was elected a militia detachment under the command of Shamil Basayev to seize hostages and present their demands to the central authorities. As a result of such actions, 100 civilians of Budennovsk died. The Russian authorities did not make concessions to the detachment of Basayev.

Liquidation of Dzhokhar Dudayev

From the first days of the Chechen war, the Russian intelligence agency kept the generalissimo of the Chechen Republic at gunpoint. He was assassinated 3 times, and all is unsuccessful. The first ended with a sniper's miss, the second - with luck after the explosion of his car, the third - with the timely departure from the building, which was subject to air strikes.

In 1996, the parties to the confrontation briefly reconciled, Yeltsin was even going to recognize Chechnya's independence. But soon the terrorists fired a detachment of Russian soldiers near the village of Yaryshmardy, and the president instructed his security chief and the FSB leader to destroy Dzhokhar Dudayev. The operation was developed very carefully and thought through various methods. The "elusive leader" showed particular caution.

For carrying out this operation, a special device has been developed capable of perceiving waves of a mobile phone. This device gave the military the location of the subscriber. The operation was carried out on April 21, 1996. The developed device caught Dudayev's whereabouts, and two SU-24 bombers flew there. From planes to the car, where the Chechen leader was, several very powerful anti-missile rockets were fired. That's how Dzhokhar Dudayev died. Death came a few minutes after the shelling. Next to Dudayev was then his wife Alla, but she managed to escape in the ravine. Johar died in the arms of his wife. The media announced only the next day that Jokhar Dudayev was liquidated (photo in the article).

Reaction to the death of Dudayev

The world press informed in great detail about the elimination of the president of Chechnya. And Dudaev Dzhokhar Musayevich could not realize his dreams. The biography of the talented leader was tragically cut short. Many journalists said that this campaign was held precisely for Yeltsin's re-election for a second term. Russia has since taken a tough position and offered militants their conditions. This led to the resumption of hostilities. Chechen rebels decided to avenge the death of their leader by an offensive against Grozny. For some time Chechens managed to keep the preponderance of hostilities on their side.

At that time, there were rumors that the president of Ichkeria was still alive. But they all disappeared after the video was published in 2002 with the burned corpse of Dudayev.

Battalion in memory of the Chechen leader

In 2014, with the emergence of confrontation in the eastern part of Ukraine, a voluntary armed detachment was formed - a battalion named after Dzhokhar Dudayev (for carrying out an international peacekeeping mission). It was formed in Denmark from Chechens who emigrated from Chechnya after the end of military operations there. The socio-political association "Free Caucasus" organized the battalion of Johar Dudayev specifically to protect the interests of Ukraine in a clash in the Donbass. The battalion assisted the Ukrainian army in the most fierce battles for the liberation of the cities of the Donetsk region. The most famous participants of this military formation are Isa Manuev, Sergey Melnikoff, Nureddin Ismailov, Adam Osmayev, Amina Okueva.

Family life after the death of Dudayev

The activities of Dzhokhar Dudayev, like his person, are assessed ambiguously even 20 years after his death. For a long time, rumors spread that he managed to survive. Only 5 years ago the secret services declassified the data on its liquidation. There is a version that among the commander's entourage was a traitor, who betrayed him for $ 1 million.

How did the further life of the Dudayev family develop? The most famous is the youngest son - Deggi. One of the eldest sons of Ovlur changed his full name and resided in Lithuania for a while under the name of Davydov Oleg Zakharovich. Then he moved to Sweden. Dzhokhar Dudayev's daughter Dana - settled with her family in Turkey (Istanbul), she does not communicate with journalists.

After the death of Dudayev, his wife Alla immediately tried to leave the country and go to Turkey, but on the orders of Yeltsin was detained. Soon she was released, and spent three years with her children in Chechnya, assisted the work of the Ministry of Culture of Chechnya. Then the widow spent some time in Baku, then her daughter in Istanbul, then in Vilnius.

Alla Dudaeva is the author of the book about her husband, "Dzhokhar Dudaev: One Million". Dudayev's wife is a very talented and gifted person. She graduated from the Pedagogical Institute in Smolensk, studied at the faculty of art graphics. After the death of her husband, Alla regularly holds various exhibitions of her paintings and publications in Turkey, Ukraine, Azerbaijan, Lithuania, Estonia, France. Also, the verses of Alla Dudaeva deserve special attention, she often reads them at creative evenings. In Georgia (2012) she was offered to broadcast a "Caucasian Portrait" program on television, with which she coped well. Thanks to her husband's fame, Alla Dudayeva's paintings are exhibited in many cities around the world. In 2009, she was elected a member of the Presidium of the Government of CRI. Lately the woman lives in Sweden.