Intermediate floors

The ceilings in the buildings are enclosing (they separate the premises vertically) and carriers, that is, receiving and transferring the load to the wall.

The first, in turn, according to their purpose are divided into:

• Interfloor ceilings separating residential floors;

• Attic, that separate the attic and the floor on which people live;

• Basement, which isolate the basement from the residential floor;

• Socle, fencing underground from residential floors.

In high-rise buildings , the number of floor-to-ceiling floors dominates, to which there are numerous requirements, such as:

- strength or specific load-bearing capacity, calculated in the design of the building;

- rigidity or non-inflexibility, determined by the permissible norms for deflection;

- high sound insulation of the floors, protecting the upper and lower floor from the sounds;

- heat insulation, especially relevant in rooms with a large temperature difference;

- high fire resistance, corresponding to existing standards for fire safety;

- economy - minimum weight and volume.

In the construction of brick, block and log houses, prefabricated or monolithic interfloor ceilings are very often used, which are produced in factories producing reinforced concrete structures. Architects, when using such a division of floors, bring the size of the area to be covered to a standard size.

The next important condition for such overlappings is their insulation - the filling of joints and unevenness from the slabs, t. They are installed, guided by the ceiling of the lower floor. This is done using a cement-sand mixture. On top of the leveled surface, a vapor barrier film is laid , and a heater with a layer thickness determined by thermal engineering calculation is laid on it .

Prefabricated slabs of interfloor overlappings are made of solid, light or concrete with voids. The latter have the highest levels of sound insulation, in addition, they are lighter, and, therefore, have a low load on the walls and foundation of the building. As a rule, such plates serve up to 80 years.

The beam technology as a whole means the installation of beams at a certain distance from each other. They serve as the supporting base, and they fill the filling that fulfills the enclosing function.

Beams are metal (channel), wooden and reinforced concrete.

Today, in the stone and wooden storey houses, the overlap of wooden beams spread.

The interval with which they are laid on the bearing walls is from seventy to one hundred centimeters. The strongest are such girder interfloor overlappings, in which the aspect ratio of the beams: seven to five, and the cross section is square.

On the beams stacked rolls of shields or individual boards, on top of which the sand is poured. This simultaneously enhances both the thermal insulation and the soundproofing properties of the floor. Then, on the logs, a plank deck is laid, usually in one or two layers.

The ends of the beams are embedded in the outer walls, and so that when they come into contact with the cold wall material they do not decay and do not degrade, they are treated with a double layer of tar and tar.

The wooden interfloor overlap has a number of advantages:

- Firstly, it is a much lower cost price;

- Secondly, low weight;

- then ease of processing, sound and heat insulation, high performance, etc.

In order for the floor-to-ceiling covering to have good sound insulation, the floor covering should not be close to the wall. On all perimeter between them it is necessary to leave an air gap in the thickness of one or two centimeters, which should be subsequently filled with some soundproof material, for example, polyethylene foam or soft fibreboard. The clearance from above is covered by a skirting board.