How to make an opening in the bearing wall? Strengthening openings in load-bearing walls

To achieve a unique interior in their homes, very often a redevelopment is required. And in this situation, the question arises as to how to make an opening in the bearing wall. For this you can use a puncher. However, in this case, not everyone knows the safety technology, in which the house will not be completely destroyed.

Make an opening in the bearing wall can be easily and simply using prefabricated bridges made of metal. Their installation is made in the part of the wall in which it is planned to make an opening. And the installation should be carried out in a specific sequence.

What are jumpers?

One important clarification should be made. Jumper mounting is possible only if the width of the walls does not exceed 1500 millimeters. The metal part includes two identical channels. They are mounted on both sides of the wall. The length of each channel used in the optimal situation should exceed the width of the wall by approximately 600 millimeters.

To fasten the channels with each other it is worth using special studs. There must be at least three of them. Their length should be selected so that it is 40 mm smaller than the width of the wall. The thread in the length should be about 50 mm. Strengthening the openings in the bearing walls implies the use of special washers, which are installed on each pin in the number of two pieces. Also it is worth using two nuts.

When choosing a puck, it is necessary to be guided by the fact that the channel in its presence should be evenly pressed against the surface. Otherwise, speak about the strengthening of the openings in the bearing walls is impossible. It will be necessary to make holes in the number of three pieces in the channels. The diameter in this situation should be equal to the diameter of the studs. The holes should be located in such a way that they are arranged as follows: one hole is drilled in the center of the profile, the next two holes should be placed at a distance of 150 mm from the ends.

Jumper Mounting

How to make an opening in the bearing wall? First, you need to think about the safety and reliability of the foundation, so that the overlap, located on top, does not collapse. To do this, you can use temporary backups. And you can just not disassemble the walls in full. For this, prefabricated jumpers are required. Before installing them, you must make horizontal shtroby. They must be located in the upper parts of the planned opening. The height should exceed the height of the channels by approximately 15 mm. The depth should exceed about 10 mm of the shelf width of the channels. The position of the bar in relation to each other should be parallel.

When creating openings in load-bearing walls, you must carefully install the shrotrows. To do this, you need to make the cuts, using a grinder with a diamond circle. You can knock out a brick with the tool that is most convenient. It is not necessary to achieve special equality.

After this, you need to make holes in which the studs will be inserted. There should be three. It will also be necessary to dilute the cement, which will need to be thrown on that part of the strob, which is vertical. The thickness of the layer should not exceed 10 mm. When designing openings in load-bearing walls, it is necessary to take into account that only with cement mortar it is possible to provide uniform setting and optimal compression of those profiles that are located in the wall.

Channel jumpers must be mounted simultaneously. This is necessary in order to keep them in the strobes. Nuts on the studs must be twisted alternately, achieving uniform indentation of the channel in the cement layer. After waiting for a while, until the solution settles, it is possible to create a doorway in the bearing wall or some other structure.

Do not forget about the finish of the outer part of the jumpers. Preliminarily it must be filled using foam. After this, you must mount a metal mesh to the wall, which will fix the plaster.

Strengthening openings: the most common types

The following types of strengthening the walls of the bearing type are the most frequent:

1. Single row. Used in standard situations, when it is necessary to answer the question of how to make an opening in the bearing wall, if it is concrete.
2. Corner. It represents a kind of edging of the future opening.
3. The box. It is a double-stranded reinforcement with the use of a screed clip. This species is the most complex. Strengthening of this type combines the above types.

The reinforcement due to the channels

It is necessary in the case when a preliminary transfer of load to the structure of metal is required. It is the most reliable type of fortification. Installation of an H-shaped frame made of channel beams must be made from both sides of the wall. Vertical racks of the structure should be installed under the ceiling. To connect separate parts of the frame it is necessary at the expense of studs of thread type.

How to make an opening in the bearing wall when the frame is finally installed? To do this, use diamond cutting, which simply cuts through the opening. Among the drawbacks of such a gain, one can distinguish the factor that the frame should be located at a certain distance from the walls. In other words, it must be decorated later.

Strengthening of walls due to corners

If there was a question about how to make an opening in the bearing wall, then this kind of strengthening should be used in the situation when the housing is located in the panel house. The size of the steel corners will depend on many factors, among which you can distinguish the floor, the thickness of the panel, the total number of floors, etc.

Strengthening the wall is due to two frames from the corners. They are mounted on both sides of one wall. The frames are fastened together by means of steel plates from all sides of the opening. Anchor studs can become additional fasteners. In this role can also act as an armature. With the help of the stitching of seams, which are located between the wall and the frame itself, you can achieve maximum reliability.

Strengthening walls in a complex way

Bearing walls in a brick house can be strengthened by a combined method. It involves the use of a structure created with corners and channels. Also it is possible to use steel beams of I- type and square type. The main difficulty in this situation arises from the fault of the old masonry. Therefore, we must approach the process thoroughly and accurately. A perforator and a jackhammer can not be used. All voids should be carefully cracks with a self-expanding cement mortar. Those areas that are crumbled, you need to restore.

Cutting openings in the wall

How to make an opening in the bearing wall? The process of creating openings can be considered quite complicated. It requires accurate calculations and the creation of reinforcement structures. You can do it by removing a certain part of the wall using a tool such as a jackhammer. However, the vibration load is quite high, and the operating speed is low. In addition, the edges of the opening will be too uneven.

You can use a diamond with a diamond. A powerful tool increases the speed of work, reduces dust generation and vibration. Also, the edges of the opening will be much smoother. Cutting must be done around the perimeter. A certain fragment of the wall must be cut into small parts after dismantling to simplify the disposal. Perhaps you need racks.

Aligning openings in bearing walls

In order to build an opening in the wall, which is the carrier, it is necessary to create a project. In addition, appropriate permission must be obtained from the state authorities. Under the supporting wall is meant a key element, without which the house will not be considered strong enough and stable. Accordingly, if the integrity of the wall is violated, the safety of tenants can be threatened. Therefore, permission will not be obtained by all and not in all cases.