How to get from ethane chloroethane in organic chemistry

In order to understand how to get chlorine from ethane, first we analyze the features of the ultimate ethane hydrocarbon .

Brief description of ethane

This hydrocarbon has the formula C2H6. The carbon in its molecule is in the sp3 hybrid state. This affects the physical and chemical properties of the substance. Under normal conditions, ethane is a gaseous substance that is slightly soluble in water. Like all other representatives of the alkane class, ethane has saturated simple bonds. This is reflected in the chemical properties of the hydrocarbon. He is not capable of joining the adherence reaction, only radical substitution is permissible for him.

Flow feature

Let's find out how to get chlorine from ethane. For this, it is necessary to carry out a reaction between ethane and chlorine in the presence of a quantum of light (elevated temperature). Due to homolytic bond breaking, chlorine radicals are formed. To create free radicals , a certain amount of energy is needed.

It can be purchased in different ways. Thermal pyrolysis can be considered as one of the variants for the formation of radicals. To obtain chlorane from ethane, the equation is recorded at a temperature of about 500 ⁰ C. The energy that will be released during this process is sufficient to break the bonds. The second way to form active radicals is to use ultraviolet radiation.

The mechanism of the radical substitution reaction

Consider how to get chlorane from ethane. The reaction equation proceeds according to the mechanism of SR-action of halogens with alkanes. In the gas phase, the reaction of ethane with chlorine first dissociates chlorine under the action of UV. This stage is called initiation, it is characterized by the appearance of active chlorine radical particles. The resulting particles attack the ethane molecule, forming hydrogen chloride, as well as the ethyl C2H5 radical.

Let's continue the conversation about how to get chlorine from ethane. In the next step, the ethyl radical interacts with the chlorine molecule, forming ethane chloride and another chlorine radical. It is he who is able to react again, continuing the chain reaction cycle. This stage is called the chain growth. The number of active radicals at this stage of interaction does not change, but remains in full. As the end of the cycle appears the third stage of the reaction, which is called chain termination. It involves collisions of free particles, resulting in the formation of reaction products.

Application

The answer to the question is how to get from ethane chloroethane. Let us dwell on the application. The resulting chloroethyl is a serious narcotic. It is used as an anesthetic for surgical operations. Two to three seconds is enough to minimize motor activity.

As a major drawback of this substance, we note the possibility of an overdose. Even a slight increase in the permissible norm causes serious problems for the human body. Nowadays, chloroethane is only used in some cases as a narcotic substance.

To a greater extent, it is in demand as a local remedy for short-term superficial anesthesia of the skin. Getting on the skin, the substance evaporates, the skin becomes supercooled, its sensitivity decreases, as a result of which it becomes possible to carry out incisions, that is, to carry out minor surface operations.

Also, this substance is used to reduce skin itching, the treatment of thermal burns, neuromyositis, cryotherapy of inflammation. The ampoule is first heated in the palm of your hand, then directed to the skin. For therapeutic purposes, the procedure is carried out once a day for 7-10 days.