Historical figures: politicians, scientists, military

The question on which many writers, philosophers, and historians have pondered: who makes history? Great personalities - historical figures? Or the people - the historical masses? Probably, they are both. Some historical figures of Russia and the world, who have decided the fate of thousands and millions of people, will be described in the article.

History and personality

The theme of the role of an individual outstanding person in history has been worrying thinkers for several centuries, since the development of historical philosophy began. The names of historical figures, such as Napoleon, Columbus, Washington, Macedonian, are known throughout the world. These people, who entered the history as great politicians, scientists, geographers, made a huge contribution to the development of mankind. They developed or completely broke traditional ideas about life. They exemplify the theoretical propositions that a person, strong and uncommon, is the driving force of history. There are even statements by philosophers that history is nothing more than a description of the life of great personalities.

Foreign outstanding figures

The historical figures of Europe are first and foremost those people in whose hands the power was concentrated. These are individuals who sought to conquer the world. One of the first world-famous conquerors was Julius Caesar. Briefly describing his achievements, it is necessary to note his important role in expanding the boundaries of the Roman Empire (before Caesar of the Roman Republic), democratic reforms (for example, supporting old soldiers, bringing to power a common people), as well as managerial, military and writing abilities.

Macedonian, Genghis Khan, Napoleon, Hitler are also famous historical figures of Europe, who aspired to world domination. They all left their hardest trail in history.

Outstanding figures of Russia

Ivan the Terrible, Alexander Nevsky, Peter I, Catherine II the Great, Nicholas I - individuals who had a great influence on the development of Russia. They were in power at crucial historical moments. These and some other outstanding historical figures of Russia participated in the liberation wars, defended the interests of the country, modernized the established foundations.

Great figures of Kievan Rus

Fighter for the inviolability of Russian lands, a true Orthodox man, a brave warrior was Alexander Nevsky. The Battle of Neva, in which Alexander proved to be a great strategist, is an important event in the history of the country. She showed the strength and courage of Russian people. Alexander Nevsky (the Battle of Neva confirms this) managed to unite the Novgorod and Ladoga squads to repel the onslaught of the Swedes in 1240, thereby preventing the expansion of Catholicism.

The leaders of the Second Militia against the Western intervention during the Troubles in Russia - Dmitry Pozharsky and Kuzma Minin - also played an important role in the history of the country. They liberated Russia from foreigners, prevented the destruction of the country and the overthrow of Orthodoxy.

Great figures of the Russian Empire

Prominent politicians of Russia are Peter and Catherine. Peter is known primarily as a reformer and conqueror. With him, the Russian Empire became one of the world's leading powers. The borders of the state expanded: there was an outlet to the Baltic, the Pacific Ocean, the Caspian Sea. Peter's domestic policy is also fruitful. He changed the army, created the navy. Peter (and after him, Catherine II the Great) paid great attention to the education of the country.

Catherine contributed to the opening of educational institutions, research bases, cultural centers. She continued Peter's policy of affirming Russia's position in the world. However, it was hard for the great rulers to live with the simple people, when wars were waged, taxes increased, and serfdom intensified. Returning to the question of who creates history, it can be answered that these were outstanding personalities who are in power and who dispose of the masses to achieve economic and political goals.

Famous historical figures of the XX century

A turning point in the history of many countries of the world, a heavy and at the same time stellar era brought to the stage of world renown such politicians as Lenin, Thatcher, Churchill, Stalin, Roosevelt, Hitler, etc. Lenin, who was called the leader, destroyed an entire empire and built The first state of socialism on the planet. There is no single view of his personality and activities. What is the damage caused by his activities? Certainly, some of its reforms and transformations had a beneficial effect on society and the country. This is primarily the eradication of the class division of society, the introduction of universal access to education and medicine.

Joseph Stalin, for example, for a long time was considered the idol of the entire population of the Union. Stalin, under whose rule the country won the Great Military Victory, was a tough man. Only after the collapse of the personality cult began to open compromising its archives. Joseph Stalin conducted a harsh policy, did not consider the opinions of other people, repressed them, conducted exhausting people collectivization and the five-year plan, but brought the country to the level of a superpower.

Outstanding Russian commanders

In the history of Russia there were a lot of hard moments - dangerous and bloody wars. The fate of the country was many times in the hands of military commanders, their strategic skills and foresight. Significant pages of history are associated with the military activities of AV Suvorov, MI Kutuzov, PS Nakhimov, AA Brusilov, GK Zhukov and other generals and heroes to whom the population owes a peaceful sky, and the country - the prestige won.

The greatest commander is considered Suvorov A. V., who brilliantly held Polish, Turkish, and at the end of life and the Italian campaign. His talent and new vision of the war he conquered many European and Asian cities. One of the most famous campaigns of Suvorov is the Swiss, where, faced with the irresponsibility of the Austrian army, the unfavorable conditions and the difficult situation of the soldiers, he was able to win a great victory.

Kutuzov, MI participated in many military operations, but the glory to him was brought by the command of the army during the Patriotic War with France. After not very successful battles with the French army, Kutuzov retreated, but his goal was to wipe out the French and drive him to the west. Kutuzov's strategic plan was a success, and the empire won.

The personality of GK Zhukov is one of the most controversial among the iconic historical figures. Like many strong personalities, Zhukov likes to criticize, assess his actions, refute his merits. Unquestionably, he is the greatest historical figure. During the Great Patriotic War he was sent to the places of the greatest enemy onslaught. His methods of conducting battles, tough and decisive, worked. The first victory in the war was won by troops under Yelnya, where Zhukov commanded. It is the first marshal who owns the battle plan on the Kursk Bulge, according to which the troops must purposefully defend and retreat, and then suddenly attack. This strategic plan worked - a victory was won, which affected the further course of the war. It was obtained by the labors of brilliant generals, the courage of officers and soldiers. Zhukov GK distinguished unique strategies, attention to soldiers, special requirements for intelligence, careful planning of combat.

Outstanding Russian scientists

The most famous politicians of Russia are described above. However, not only talented politicians and diplomats are rich in Russian land. People, thanks to which the country moved forward in science, are scientists. The fruits of intellectual works of Russian scientists are used in many countries of the world. PN Yablochkov created an electric bulb, VK Zvorykin - an electron microscope, and also organized a telecast, SP Korolev designed the world's first ballistic missile, spacecraft and the first artificial Earth satellite.

The whole scientific direction was created by AP Vinogradov - this is the geochemistry of isotopes. Worked for the benefit of the country, IV Kurchatov, who built the first nuclear power plant. His team created an atomic bomb.

Also it is possible to note works of prominent scientists-physicians. MA Novinsky became the founder of experimental oncology. SS Yudin was the first to talk about the possibility of blood transfusion of people who suddenly died. S. S. Briukhonenko became the creator of the apparatus for artificial circulation. The outstanding Russian anatomist, NI Pirogov, first compiled an atlas on anatomy, the first in the country to apply anesthesia.

Great cultural figures

Culture develops with humanity, therefore, undoubtedly, representatives of education are also the creators of history. Honor and respect are enjoyed by Russian artists, writers, poets, artists, directors and other cultural figures. Of the artists should be noted geniuses of Russian iconography: Andrei Rublev, Theophanes the Greek and Dionysius. The images on their works are majestic and truthful. Talented landscape painters were IK Aivazovsky, II Shishkin, AK Savrasov. Great portraitists: SS Shchukin, VA Tropinin, AP Bryullov, VA Serov and others.

The formation of the Russian and world ballet is associated with the names of the great Russian primates: OA Spesivtseva, GS Ulanova, AP Pavlova, MM Plisetskaya. They are associated with whole ages in the history of Russian culture.

The works of Russian writers draw people from all over the world. The masterpieces of Pushkin, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Nikolai Gogol, Leo Tolstoy, Mikhail Bulgakov and others are striking with a unique style, manner and tact, plots, heroes, philosophy and the truth of life.