Hemorrhagia is what? Causes and treatment of hemorrhage

Hemorrhage is Hemorrhages of different severity in different parts of the body. The cause of this ailment can be both external and internal pathologies. Very often, hemorrhages are expressed in the accumulation of blood inside the tissue, but there are cases of blood flowing into the external environment.

Why do hemorrhages arise?

The cause of bleeding is often a high permeability of the vessel wall or its violation. Violation of the integrity of the vessel is due to mechanical injuries. The reasons for which blood seeps through the walls of the vessels are:

Genetic pathology (hemophilia);

- Acquired pathology of the circulatory system (thrombocytopathy, clotting disorder, DIC syndrome and hemorrhagic vasculitis);

Diseases of a dermatological nature, such as psoriasis and chronic dermatoses.

Almost all kinds of hemorrhages have a close connection with psychological tension, depression and taking hormonal drugs.

Types of hemorrhage for reasons of origin

Depending on the causes of hemorrhage are divided into three types:

-crowning caused by mechanical damage to the vessel;

-croking, which arose in the glaciation of a decrease in the thickness of the walls of the vessel;

· Bleeding caused by a violation of the integrity of the walls of blood vessels due to exposure to certain chemicals or infections.

Types of hemorrhage by location

Hemorrhages can be divided into:

Internal (hemorrhage to organs and tissues);

External;

Parenchymal (bleeding from tissues that form organs);

· Arterial (intensive leakage of blood from damaged arteries);

Venous (more restful bleeding from damaged veins);

Capillary (bleeding from small vessels).

Main symptoms of internal bleeding

Manifestations of hemorrhage depend on the type of bleeding and its localization. While external bleeding is relatively easy to detect, internal bleeding is often imperceptible. It can be identified by a number of specific symptoms, such as:

• General malaise;
• Dizziness and fainting;
• Unnatural pallor of the skin;
• Apathy, drowsiness;
• tachycardia;
• Lowering blood pressure.

These are common symptoms of internal bleeding. There are a number of specific features that are characteristic of certain types of hemorrhages.

Hemorrhages at the injection site. What is it?

Very often after the injection, complications occur during the treatment. The resultant intramuscular injection of hemorrhage is local bleeding that occurs due to tissue damage. As a rule, with time the formed blood stain passes by itself, but in some cases the doctor prescribes the use of water-soluble drugs. Bleeding due to intravenous injections arises from the through piercing of the vessel and is not as pronounced as when injected into the muscle.

Why do skin hemorrhages arise?

In most cases, hemorrhages on the skin arise due to a hemorrhage or leakage of blood through the vessel wall into the skin tissue. They look like spots of a bloody shade on the skin. Throughout the time of the disease, hemorrhages on the skin surface have the property of changing their color from bright red to greenish-yellow. In this case, there is no special treatment. Over time, these spots dissolve themselves. To the number of cutaneous hemorrhages can be attributed hematomas.

Haemorrhages of the gastrointestinal tract

In the case of lesions of the organs of the gastrointestinal system, bleeding often occurs, the so-called submucosal hemorrhages. This type of hemorrhage is a particular danger, since it has a property for some time to flow without visible symptoms. In a person who has experienced this type of bleeding, first of all there are general malaise, causeless nausea, dizziness. In this case, the patient should be under the supervision of a doctor and undergo a specially prescribed course of drug treatment.

Why are hemorrhages dangerous?

Hemorrhage is a rather insidious phenomenon. Its severity directly depends on the area of the damaged area and the intensity of bleeding. And although such minor injuries, as a rule, resolve themselves, there are cases when the place of hemorrhage is suppressed, which requires surgical intervention. Sometimes hemorrhages can destroy tissues, which can also lead to serious consequences. In this case, hemorrhages in the brain, lungs and heart are very dangerous.

Which doctor to go to?

Whatever the nature of the hemorrhages, the reasons for their occurrence should be identified as soon as possible. With this problem, your local therapist, as well as doctors of a narrower profile, such as a hematologist, endocrinologist, dermatologist or infectious disease specialist, will help you.

How is the diagnosis? Correct diagnosis

The doctor can diagnose you even after the examination. But for more accurate diagnosis you will need to take a general blood test and examine it for coagulation. In some cases, the doctor can prescribe a bacteriological study of the blood, and on the basis of these studies to solve the issue of treatment.

First aid for bleeding

As we have already explained, hemorrhages are the flow of blood from blood vessels as a result of their damage. Therefore, the first thing that can be done with a minor hemorrhage is to apply something cold to the injured place, which will help to reduce the intensity of bleeding. Further care should be given depending on the type of bleeding.

Venous bleeding can be easily determined by the color of the bleeding blood - it will be a dark red burgundy color. To flow such blood will be slow, but continuously. First aid in case of trauma is the application of a tourniquet below 10-15 cm from the wound and a tight bandage. It is necessary to mark the time of application of the bundle by inserting a piece of paper with the marked overlap time. If the wound is small, then instead of the tourniquet, the wound can be wrapped around the wound with a bandage, since the venous vessels are able to fall off and self-tighten.

Arterial bleeding

It differs from venous. Blood from such a wound is bright red and will be beaten by a fountain. It is necessary to immediately apply a tourniquet, since without stopping the bleeding a person can die literally in a minute. The tourniquet is placed above the wound by 10-15 cm, and the bandage should be placed on the wound. The tourniquet is applied for 1-2 hours. Through this time, it should be lowered for 3-5 minutes, so that the blood recirculates through the limbs, otherwise the stagnant blood will accumulate toxins and when removing the tourniquet, a person risks getting a shock and dying.

With regard to capillary bleeding, they do not carry a serious danger (except for injuries in people suffering from poor blood coagulability). In this case, the wound must be processed and bandaged.

Also, to stop such bleeding, you can use modern hemostatic drugs such as "Whole" and "Hemostop". The granules of the powder help to curtail the blood, creating a kind of jelly. But to treat such a wound will be harder.

Internal bleeding is one of the most serious: here you must always go to the hospital. On the spot, you can only apply cold to a sore spot and immediately send the victim to the hospital or call an ambulance. Before the arrival of doctors, the patient should be in a calm position and move as little as possible.

How to get rid of hemorrhages

Treatment of hemorrhage is carried out after a detailed medical examination. When establishing the diagnosis and prescribing the treatment, the doctor must take into account the fact that some forms of the disease tend to develop unpleasant complications. That's why every step of the treatment should take place under the supervision of a doctor. In case of complications, inflammatory processes may occur, which in some cases can even lead to death.

In order not to aggravate the problem, you should immediately seek medical help. And only after the final withdrawal of the doctor is prescribed treatment.

Depending on the condition of the patient, the clinical form of hemorrhage and the propensity to complications, the expediency of drug treatment of the problem is established. For example, with minor subcutaneous hemorrhages, drug treatment is often not used. But with large hemorrhages, local treatment is used in the form of applying heparin or troxevasin ointment to the affected areas twice a day.