Hazelnoe: planting and care. Hazelnut planting in autumn

Among the garden crops of the type of hazelnut hazelnut is considered king. Honorary title he received for high yield. The hazelnut as a cultivated plant began to grow since ancient times. This is indicated by the findings of archaeologists.

A chestnut is a large-fruited (Lombard) hazel, a typical inhabitant of broad-leaved and mixed forests. The birthplace of hazelnuts is the eastern part of the Black Sea coast. This culture has become widespread in Europe and America.

Now, hazelnut takes a leading place among the cultures of this species. The unpretentiousness of cultivation, the ease of reproduction, the nutritional value of fruits and the use of depleted land made the walnut accessible to farmers and gardeners.

What is hazelnuts?

This is a shrub that has an external resemblance to a hazel. Hazelnut is a wind-pollinated multi-stem large plant, whose height varies from three to eight meters. Leaves are dark green in color, notched at the edges, round or oval in shape. Flowers in the plant are of two types: masculine, in the form of earrings, and female - kidneys with bright red brushes, stigmas inside.

If weather conditions allow, the nut blossoms from the beginning of winter and until March. Fruiting occurs on the 4-5th year after planting. A hazelnut bush with lace earrings in winter and bright yellow leaves in autumn attracts a person's sight with its beauty. This shade-tolerant plant, which allows you to plant it on the northern slopes. On the sunny and sheltered from the wind, hazelnut fructifies better. Due to the powerful root system, the bush strengthens the soil, so the walnut planting can be placed on the slopes and in the lowlands.

It is very beautiful throughout the vegetative period, beginning with the bud budding and ending with a leaf fall, hazelnut. Planting and care involves a whole range of activities. Particularly pleasing to the eye is the crown of the bush, covered with large velvety crimson leaves mixed with large round or oblong nuts. Hazelnut, the planting of which does not require much effort, is valued both as a fruit and as a decorative feature. Therefore, this shrub is loved by gardeners and is happy to grow it in orchards.

Soil preparation

Hazelnut - a fairly unpretentious plant, for the growth of which is suitable for any soil, except for dry sand, saline and waterlogged. Acidic soils are calcareous per 1 sq. Km. M. A half kilogram of lime. However, hazelnuts, planted on fertile and moist soil, yield higher yields.

To begin with, it is necessary to determine the rows at the site chosen for planting and to loosen them with the addition of fertilizers with potassium and phosphorus to the soil, if necessary. Next, you should plow the land to a depth of 30-40 cm and map out the places for planting. Such deep plowing is done in order to ensure air access to the roots and keep moisture in the soil. For good fruiting, hazelnuts need a lot of nutrients that it takes from the ground. Therefore, it must necessarily be fertilized with manure or compost in the calculation of 2-3 centners per one hundred square meters of land.

Planting time

Nut bushes are planted in spring and autumn, depending on the region. Planting hazelnut in autumn is preferable in the eastern and southern regions, where it is carried out 2-3 weeks before freezing. This allows the plant to take root, gain strength, and in the spring quickly go into growth. In the remaining areas hazelnuts can be planted at any planting season.

Choice of Hazelnut Place

Better the nut grows on the eastern, northeastern and northern slopes, where there are fewer diurnal temperature fluctuations and the danger of freezing plants and getting burns can be avoided. Hazel prefers sunny, sheltered from the wind place. It should be planted at a distance of 4-5 meters from other plants with a large crown to provide a large area for food.

On the household plots, hazelnuts, planted on the slopes of the ravines or close to the intersection, will grow in a natural way. And if you give the tree a certain shape, it will decorate your garden. Such a bush can be planted in a more honorable place.

Landing

After selecting the site and preparing the soil , a hazelnut tree is selected. Landing it in a hole half a meter deep is carried out in spring or autumn. To do this, the top layer of soil is mixed with potassium salt (50 g), superphosphate (150 g) and 2-3 buckets of humus. Fertilizers are evenly distributed in the fossa.

Planting hazelnuts in autumn and spring is carried out so. They put a peg in the center and plant the seedling, first dipping it into a solution. And do not forget to put a bit of ground from under the hazelnut into the fossa. The root neck does not fall asleep, but deepen 2-3 cm to stimulate root growth and branching. The aerial part of the plant immediately after planting is cut at the level of the 5-6th kidney. The seedling is shortened by 15-20 cm above the soil surface.

Planted bush well watered with 3-5 buckets of water in one hole and mulched. For this, you can use pine needles, sawdust, humus, manure - that will be at hand. So the moisture will be better preserved. In order not to prel bark seedlings, mulch should not touch the trunk. After a week, you must repeat the watering. A nut-hazelnut culture is an unpretentious one . Landing and leaving a lot of effort will not be required.

Formation of the nut bushes

If someone does not like the shape of the plant in its natural form, you can form a future bush. For this purpose in autumn, after the second vegetative period, 8-10 strong shoots are planned. They will be the future main trunks. Within 2-3 years, removing the shoots and cutting out excess shoots, you can form a bush on your own.

Pruning plants is a prerequisite for obtaining a high yield. Form the bush for 4-5 years, until the moment of fruiting. In the future, so that there is no thickening, remove the bad harvest. And by the eleventh year of growth they are rejuvenating, for which each year they cut down three old trunks. They are replaced by radical shoots.

Watering and top dressing

It is unpretentious to grow garden culture hazelnuts. Planting and care are not difficult. In order to get a high yield of nuts, it is necessary to water the bush several times a season. The hazelnut is especially needed in watering during the summer season, when fruits grow intensively.

Increase productivity and fertilization in the soil. The most common type of feeding is compost and manure, which are made 2-3 years once at a rate of 10 kg per square meter. Mineral fertilizers can be made every year, especially when fruit is tied. Use urea for this. Do not make nitrogen. It causes rapid growth of the bush itself, and the yield decreases.

A very delicious and healthy fruit gives hazelnuts. Planting the walnut with all the requirements does not take long. But to enjoy the taste of fruits and the beauty of the formed bushes you will be long.

Reproduction

The nut is propagated by seed and vegetative methods. When using seed propagation, the cultivar is not preserved. Planting hazelnut from walnut is used for mass cultivation and breeding of new varieties. To grow seedlings of hazelnut, take not over-dried, well-ripened nuts. They are sown in spring or autumn in fertile soil to a depth of 6-8 cm.

During vegetative propagation , the characteristics and properties of the variety are preserved, fixed and transmitted. It is carried out by layering, rhizomes, dividing the bush and grafting. Reproduction of hazelnut by layers is carried out by rooting young shoots without separating them from the bush. If rhizomes are taken as a basis, 2-3-year-old root shoots are separated from the bush and planted. When multiplying by dividing a bush during thinning of hazelnut plantations, some bushes are uprooted. They are cut so that on each part there is a spine and planted in a new place. When propagating by grafting, cuttings are made in spring. This method of reproduction is used to refine the bushes.

Beneficial features

Nuts hazelnuts contain a lot of nutrients: fats, proteins, carbohydrates and vitamins. Kernels are used in the food and confectionery industry, oil - in the pharmaceutical and cosmetology. Caloric content of hazelnut is higher than that of bread, milk and meat. Used even pollen inflorescences. She is the first after the winter bee forage.

Nut is a product of dietary nutrition with anemia and enlarged prostate gland, varicose veins and thrombophlebitis, trophic ulcers and hemorrhoids. This product is recommended for people with diseases of the cardiovascular system. It is believed that hazelnuts bring health and happiness.