Grinding machine for metal. Grinding wheels for machine tools

For the final processing of various kinds of blanks, a special type of equipment is used: a grinding machine for metal. There are several types of aggregates of this type. As a working tool, most often they use special grinding wheels.

Machine Types

At the moment, the following types of metal grinding machines are used at enterprises:

1. Intragrinding. They are used for processing end-to-end blanks from the inside and at the ends.

2. Cylindrical grinding. Machines of this type are used mainly for the final processing of blanks of cylindrical and conical shape.

3. Surface grinding. This is one of the most common types of equipment. Used machines of this variety for the operation such as grinding flat (conventional surfaces).

4. Honing. On such machines, small allowances are taken off the workpieces (0.04-0.08 mm).

5. Centerless grinding. This type of equipment is used mainly in large-scale production. Machines of this type are designed for processing the outer surfaces of blanks.

Processing of products on equipment such as a metal grinding machine can be done using powders and pastes, bars, skins or segments. However, most often to apply a smooth metal surface, special abrasive wheels are used.

Intragrinding machines

Equipment of this type can be used both in small-scale and serial production. Dimensions, weight, capacity, power and accessories it also has different. The design of this type of aggregates, as well as of any other metal grinding machines, includes the following elements:

• The frame on which all the nodes are attached;

• Strong table for workpieces;

• spindle;

• Front tank;

• Flywheel and so on.

The main distinguishing feature of the construction of such equipment as a grinding machine for metal, intended for processing blanks from the inside, is a fixed headstock fixed to the frame. It moves back and forth due to the movement of the table itself. Spindle dimensions in such machines depend on the diameter of the working tool.

Cylindrical grinding equipment

Machine tools for metal of this type have a swivel top table fixed to the bottom. It is located in front of the bed. When processing conical parts, the lower table is turned at a certain necessary angle and fixed in this position by special clamps. Behind the bed in the cylindrical grinding machines is a platform for the headstock.

Surface grinding machines

Machine tools for metal of this type can be produced:

• With a horizontal spindle, a cross slide and a rectangular table;

• With a general-purpose table and a horizontal spindle;

• With a vertical spindle and a sliding table;

• With a table of continuous action;

• Single-column and double-column longitudinal grinding;

• Two-sided face grinding with a horizontal or vertical spindle.

In tool production, the first type of machine (with a rectangular table) is most often used. Their design features include a spindle mounted on high rolling bearings, a support with a rigid guide and a set of various adaptations. Technologically, the capabilities of these machines are really wide.

Centerless grinding equipment

A grinding machine for metal of this type is able to provide the best quality processing of blanks. In fact, these aggregates represent a more perfect and productive variety of circular grinding models. Most often they are used when creating automatic production lines, since, if necessary, they can be equipped with any kinds of loading devices and devices for active control of the dimensions of blanks.

With such equipment as the centerless grinding machine, both external and internal machining of metal products can be produced. However, the last operation is performed with their use quite rarely. Nevertheless, these are the most advanced aggregates of all used for grinding steel, cast iron, alloys, etc.

Honing equipment

With the use of aggregates of this type, the final grinding of the metal is carried out. Honing machines for internal or external surfaces are produced , with a vertical or horizontal arrangement of one or more spindles. The head of these machines is mounted on the guiding columns. A special honing head is attached to the spindle. Since the processing of parts on aggregates of this variety must be carried out with maximum accuracy, their design includes various types of active control systems based on contactless or contact measurement techniques.

Grinding machine: Price

The cost of this type of equipment depends on its capacity, performance and dimensions. Also, the price of machine tools may vary depending on their variety. So, small surface-grinding models can cost in the range of 300-400 thousand rubles. For a professional model of high productivity of this type will have to pay about 2 million rubles. Small round-grinding machines stand in the region of 60-300 thousand rubles. The price for dimensional high-performance equipment of this type is 400-1500 thousand rubles. Centerless grinding equipment depending on the performance can be purchased for 300-2000 thousand rubles.

Grinding wheels for machine tools

This kind of abrasive tools is used in machines most often. They choose them mainly based on the type of work they are supposed to do. Also, the type of circle depends on the model of the machine used. For example:

1. For circular grinding units, simple circles of a straight profile are usually used.

2. For equipment such as the machine centerless grinding, often use straight-profile wheels with a one-sided recess.

3. For flat or face grinding, circular, cup, cylindrical or conical circles can be used.

4. Usually, for the sharpening, disk tools are used.

5. Grinding heads are used for internal processing of end-to-end products.

Most often, metal grinding is performed using very strong corundum circles on organic or ceramic bonds. In any case, the abrasive tool of this type must meet the following requirements:

• To withstand high loads from centrifugal forces;

• Process blanks with the lowest degree of roughness;

• Have a high bending strength both in dry and wet conditions;

• To remove as much chip as possible per unit time.

Grain type

Most often in production, circles with grain from aluminum oxide are used. They can be used to treat cast iron, steel, iron and even all kinds of alloys. For grinding particularly hard materials, use is made of grain-mixed wheels - from alumina and zirconium oxides. Soft metals (copper, brass) are processed using circles coated with aluminum oxide and silicon carbide. Tools with a large grain for grinding do not apply. The best results in terms of smoothness of the surface can be achieved only with the use of small circles.

As you can see, modern grinding equipment can have a different design and be designed to handle parts of any shape from inside as well as from outside. The units of this type are used in small, medium and large enterprises. Their productivity and the quality of the processing of blanks depend, among other things, on the correct choice of abrasive working tools, the types of which are also numerous.