Cylindrical grinding machine and technical progress

The most effective, and sometimes the only way to get high-precision parts is grinding. For many years the principle of grinding as a technological process has not undergone any fundamental changes and has been treating the product with abrasive materials for several centuries to achieve the required accuracy.

For grinding the outer and inner surfaces of bodies of revolution, having a cylindrical or conical shape, as well as for machining the end surfaces of rotational parts (different axes, spindles, shafts, flanges, bushings, covers, etc.), a circular grinding machine is used. The feed of a polished part, which is fixed on a special reciprocating table, can be carried out either manually or by means of hydraulics. Or automatic hydraulics if it is a CNC circular grinding machine. Also, such equipment can be used for grinding or polishing pipes, on which, during their bending on a pipe bending machine, scratches usually remain. For this purpose, a circular grinding machine with a special planetary grinding technology is used. It rotates not the part, but the working mechanisms of the mechanism, as a result of which grinding of bends, including complex configurations, is possible.

Cylindrical grinding machine consists of:

• The frame, inside which the hydraulic drive is placed;
• Turntable;
• Front headstock, in which there is a drive to the spindle, which transmits rotary motion to the workpiece;
• Grinding head, which is the drive to the grinding wheel.

The circular grinding machine is controlled by the handle of changing the speed of movement of the table, the flywheel of manual movement and the handle of the reverse. Also, the controls include the stops, the handles for the automatic movement of the table and the tap-off point, the throttle handle controlling the feed of the grinding head, the handwheel for controlling the manual feed of this mechanism, as well as the quick-release handle and the grinding head feed and the push-button station.

Cylindrical grinding machines are divided into the following types:

• Simple. At these machines all the nodes are made according to a non-rotating scheme.
• Universal. Depending on the version, they can have both a turntable and a swiveling front and grinding head.
• Mortise. The cylindrical grinding machine for grinding is devoid of longitudinal feed of the part. Overlapping the surface to be treated, the grinding wheel additionally receives a continuous feed to the workpiece to be machined, thereby grinding it along the entire length.
• Special. Used for processing products of a certain purpose (for grinding the surfaces of turbine blades, tooth profiles, cam shafts, etc.).

Cylindrical grinding machines, the most commonly used in our country, are produced both in Russia (for example, products of the Maikop machine-tool plant named after Frunze or JSC "Shlifverst" in Lubny) and are bought abroad - in the countries of the former USSR (Ukraine, Lithuania) And in the far abroad (USA, Switzerland, etc.).