FZ № 400 "On insurance pensions" in simple words. Federal Law of December 28, 2013

A huge role for all pensioners is played by FZ-400 "On insurance pensions". The thing is that in Russia the pension system constantly suffers changes. Therefore, it is necessary to take an annual interest in what awaits people who have reached retirement age in this or that period. Who has the right to insurance payments? What is the size of support for retirees of this type? All the nuances should be discussed in advance. After all, the latest changes, which came into force in 2016, seriously affected the pension system of the Russian Federation.

Terms of payments

The first thing you should pay attention to is the conditions for the emergence of pension benefits. 400-FZ of 28.12.2013 clearly regulates the rules for establishing insurance pensions. If the conditions are not met, it will not be possible to qualify for this or that support.

At the moment it is said that the insurance pension is paid to all citizens who have reached the retirement age. In Russia, women get the status of pensioners in 55, and men - in 60 years.

Thus it is necessary to note, that the insurance experience thus should be not less than 15 years. That is, if during the specified time a citizen made payments to the FIU, he is entitled to such payments. But that is not all.

The thing is that Russia now has a system of coefficients. For each working year, the citizen will be credited with certain points and ratios. The last must be at least 30. Only then will all conditions be fulfilled for calculating insurance pensions for ordinary citizens.

Disabled people

But this is only one of the types of insurance support for the population of retirement age. There are different options for the development of events. How is the disability insurance pension calculated and paid?

According to FZ-400 of December 28, 2013, all citizens who have been disabled at one or another age have the right to this payment. It is charged regardless of various factors that, for example, affect a similar payment, but to completely healthy people.

In other words, the disability insurance pension will be paid to everyone who has a disability. Neither the seniority nor the financial position of the citizen, nor his age is important. Even a disease or other deviation does not play a role. If a person is disabled with 1-3 groups, he is entitled to insurance payments even if he is a minor.

Survivors

There is one more variant of the development of events. The thing is that the insurance pension can be appointed because of the loss of the breadwinner. But in what cases and who has the right to it? At the moment, the law provides for the payment of a survivor's pension for all citizens who are dependent on the deceased. Again, age does not matter.

But FZ-400 "On insurance pensions" provides for one important point. Dependents should be recognized as incapacitated. If a person who was kept dead by a breadwinner does not work voluntarily, it is not possible to count on support from the state.

What determines the amount of pension

Now it is necessary to understand what indicators will influence the size of pension payments. Who has the right to an insurance pension? It is already clear that everything depends on the type of payment. But what factors have a direct impact on the amount of cash support in this case?

FZ-400 indicates several points that can reduce or increase the amount of insurance charges to the public. What exactly are we talking about? At the moment, based on the law, we can conclude that the payments are affected by the following factors:

• Individual deductions to the FIU for the year from the citizen;
• Pension coefficient for a particular year;
• Work experience (indirectly).

Accordingly, the more a citizen has transferred for his life to the Pension Fund, the more he will receive. The length of service affects the number of points received by each employee. If a person does not get the necessary minimum, he can not receive an old-age insurance pension .

What counts as a labor guard

What other features should I pay attention to? The thing is that the law on pensions (400-FZ of December 28, 2013) provides for certain periods that are not work, but are counted in the work record. This is a very important point. After all, not always have to perform job duties. You can hope for an increase in experience in the following situations:

• Military service on conscription (urgent);
• Alternative service in the army;
• Contractual service;
• Leave to care for a child up to 1.5 years (but not more than 6 years in total);
• Time when the citizen received unemployment benefits;
• Being illegally detained;
• In the care of a citizen after his 80 years, as well as for children with disabilities and adults with disabilities in group 1;
• Time of residence with the spouse in the military camp when passing service on the contract.

The above points can be attributed to the length of service. Therefore, these intervals will be taken into account during the calculation of the insurance pension. Yes, and seniority in general.

Calculus

How is the insurance pension calculated? This question is also of interest to many citizens. The system invented in Russia does not require any serious knowledge from the population. They can independently calculate how much it is supposed to receive money as an insurance pension in this or that case.

If it is a question of accruals on an old age, and also on physical inability, it is necessary to use the formula П = К * СК, where:

• P - pension;
• K - the number of points scored by the citizen during the work;
• SK- cost of 1 point at the time of appointment of the pension payment.

The size of old-age insurance pensions is now clear. And what about, if we are talking about the payments made due to the loss of the breadwinner? In this situation, a similar formula is used, but in it:

• P is the amount of pension payments;
• K - the number of points that the receiver did not receive, but the breadwinner;
• SC - the cost of 1 point on the date, in which the appointment of a pension payment for the loss of the bread-winner is being implemented.

There is nothing difficult in this. The main problem is that it is impossible to say exactly what the cost factor of points will be in the future. Therefore, counting for the future does not make any sense.

Fixed payment

The law studied provides for a fixed payment to an insurance pension in various amounts. This is a kind of additional support from the state.

Annually payments should be indexed. Moreover, FZ-400 provides for a certain date, in which the fixed payments are increased. This is February 1.

It should also be noted that from April 1, 2015 the government of the Russian Federation has the full right to appoint an additional indexation of material support for citizens. But only at the moment such conditions are not observed. On that is their own reasons.

Which ones? These conditions are suspended until 2017. These changes took effect in 2015. Therefore, in Russia every year they try to increase fixed payments to insurance pensions, but it is not always possible to do this.

Exact amounts

The FZ-400 "On Insurance Pensions" does not specify the exact amounts due to payment in the form of fixed payments to pension contributions. This is quite an obvious fact, because these indicators change annually. What are the rules in 2016?

The point is that the surcharges are divided into several categories - old-age and disabled 1-2 groups, and there are also separate payments to citizens with disabilities of the 3rd group. In January 2016, the amounts were respectively 4,383 rubles 59 kopecks and 2,191 rubles 80 kopecks.

But since February of the same year there has been an indexation. Now citizens receive in addition to the old-age insurance pension, as well as for the disability of 1 or 2 groups of 4,558 rubles 98 kopecks a month, and with the disability of the third group - 2,279 rubles 47 kopecks. Not too big changes, but the main thing is that the indexation itself has occurred.

Where to apply for the receipt

What else should I pay attention to? The thing is that FZ-400 "On insurance pensions" indicates how to receive these payments. Where can I apply for documents that allow such support?

At the moment, citizens have a small alternative to action. They have the right to appeal:

• In territorial Pension Funds;
• In the FIU;
• Through the portal "State Service";
• In multifunctional centers.

It is to these instances that citizens who have a chance to receive an insurance pension should apply with a specific package of documents. The law under study also states that the employer has the right to represent the pensioner and apply instead to the above-mentioned bodies for calculating insurance payments. But this action is possible only with the written consent of the future recipient of charges.

Documents for obtaining

And how do you get an insurance pension in any case? Often, citizens have the right to several types of state support. In this case, you have to choose which pension to receive. So say the rules established in Russia. FZ-400 "On insurance pensions" indicates the full list of documents necessary for the appointment of state support. To the Pension Fund of Russia or to any other organization that prepares pensions, it is necessary to come with the following list of documents:

• Identity card (passport of a Russian citizen);
• SNILS;
• Application for an insurance pension (insurance payments are required);
• Pension certificate ;
• employment history;
• Certificates and extracts, confirming those or other periods not included in the work, but relating to the length of service;
• Birth certificates for all children;
• An extract from the personal account of the citizen;
• Military ticket (for men).

Also have to take any evidence that a person does not receive any other pension. When a citizen applies to the FIU, most likely, this fact will be checked on the spot. If you want to receive money on an account with a bank, the bank details are provided.

When it comes to awarding a disability pension or a survivor's pension, documents proving the disability of the citizen will be required. Also, any references indicating the incapacity of the dependent (in case of loss of the bread-winner) are provided. Of course, they can ask for a death certificate from the person who kept the future recipient of the pension.

With all of the above documents will have to contact the relevant authorities. It is advisable to take copies of papers with you. Then there will be a check. And if all the documents are in order, the citizen will begin to charge an insurance pension.

Not for all

Another important point - in 2016 to obtain the studied support of pensioners, it is necessary to have a minimum of 7 years of service and 9 retirement points. If these conditions are not met, the citizen will be entitled to a social pension.

Also, payments for the loss of the bread-winner are not assigned to citizens who have a criminal conviction. Or if the potential recipient of insurance payments has committed acts that entailed the death of the breadwinner.

These are the main features that are covered by insurance pensions. The federal law establishes the basic principles of calculating these payments. But he is constantly subject to change. Therefore, it is difficult to say how the situation with insurance pensions will be in a few years. For example, now in Russia the increase of the retirement age is being discussed. This step will impose its fingerprint on the FZ-400.