Frequent urination in a child without pain: causes and treatment

Frequent urges to urinate in children - this is a fairly common disorder, which usually signals a problem with health. Therefore, it is not worth noting such a symptom.

general information

A child is not an adult. The basic functions of systems of internal organs at it essentially differ. That for an adult is usually the norm, it can be a pathology for the child. Anatomically and functionally, the kidneys of the child and adult body have many differences. The younger the child, the stronger this difference can be traced. By the time of appearance of crumbs, its excretory system has not yet been fully formed.

Kidneys are a serious mechanism. Through these organs, the urinary system balances the liquid and mineral substances in the body, removes the final exchange products and foreign chemical compounds from the blood. In addition, the kidneys take an active part in maintaining normal blood pressure, glucose formation and in the regulation of bone marrow production of red corpuscles.

The urinary system of a young child works at the limit of its capabilities. Against the background of complete health, the kidneys are coping with their direct duties, but with minor disruptions, violations are possible.

The norm of urination in children of different ages

Features of the structure and functioning of the urinary system in young children determine the frequency of urination, depending on age. For example, babies usually need about 25 diapers a day. The exception is the children in the first week of life. Their frequency of urination is negligible - no more than 5 times a day. This is due to high fluid losses and insufficient intake of breast milk. By the age of 12 months, the baby begins to urinate about 15-17 times a day. With age, the amount of urination usually decreases. In three years, children go to the toilet not more than eight times a day, and at nine years - about six times. Teens urinate no more than five times a day.

Anything that exceeds these values can be considered a rapid urination. However, small deviations from the norm are always permissible. If a child of six years has peed 6 times today, and tomorrow - 9, there is no reason to panic. It is necessary to analyze possible changes in the life of the baby. For example, after eating fruits, urination may increase without any pathology. On the other hand, the change in these indicators often indicates problems with health. Next, consider the main causes of frequent urination in children without pain.

What is physiological pollakiuria?

The causes of frequent urination may be harmless and not associated with illnesses. In this case, physiological pollakiuria is usually implied. Its development is due to the following factors.

1. The use of liquid in large volumes. When a child drinks a lot, frequent urge to go to the toilet. Parents should pay attention to the causes of increased fluid intake. It's one thing if in a family the child is accustomed to drinking mineral water every day or feels thirsty on the background of hot weather, and also after physical exertion. If the baby is constantly asking for water and pissing off a lot, it can signal a disease like diabetes.
2. Reception of medicines with pronounced diuretic effect. These include diuretics, antiemetics and antihistamines.
3. Subcooling. Frequent urination in a child without pain is accompanied by a reflex spasm of the kidney vessels. After warming, pollakiuria is stopped.
4. The use of products that have a diuretic effect (cowberry, watermelon, cucumber, green tea). Most of them contain a large amount of water in their composition, so the number of trips to the toilet increases.
5. Frequent urination in a child of 4 years is possible due to stress and overexcitation. On their background, adrenaline is released in the body, which affects the excitability of the bladder and the elimination of the liquid itself. Therefore, the child often visits the toilet, but urinates in small portions. This is a temporary state that passes by itself.

Physiological pollakiuria is completely safe and does not require specific treatment. Micturition comes back to normal after elimination of the provoking factor.

Not always parents can independently determine the cause of such a disorder. In some cases, frequent urination in a child without pain is a symptom of a serious illness. These can be psychosomatic disorders, pathologies of the endocrine and nervous systems. Usually, the disorder is accompanied by fever, excessive sweating and refusal to eat. Consider the main diseases in which there is frequent urination, in more detail.

Pathology of the endocrine system

Frequent urination in a child without pain can be a symptom of diabetes, both sugar and non-sugar.

In the first case, the disease develops due to a violation of glucose uptake, which does not fully flow to the cells. His first signs are constant thirst and excessive appetite. In addition, children have inflammatory and purulent lesions of the skin, eye area.

Non-diabetes occurs when the hypothalamus is disturbed, which is responsible for the production of the hormone vasopressin. It provides the reverse absorption of water during the filtration of blood through the kidneys. Frequent urination in a child 3 years and older can be due to a deficiency of this hormone.

Dysfunction of the bladder

Neurogenic bladder is a pathology, in which there is a violation of the functioning of this organ. It develops due to the slow maturation of nerve centers, which are responsible for the proper functioning of the bladder. Frequent urination in a child without pain is the main symptom of neurogenic dysfunction. Its manifestation may intensify against a background of stress or colds.

Neuroses and psychosomatic disorders

As already noted above, stress and overexcitation often provoke frequent urination in children. The causes of this disorder can also hide in neurasthenia and various psychosomatic conditions. Physiological pollakiuria on a background of stress is a temporary phenomenon, the duration of which should not exceed 10 hours. In the case of the pathology of the psychosomatic nature, symptoms are constantly observed, but they can be less pronounced and supplemented with mood swings, aggressiveness.

Pathology of the central nervous system

Emptying the bladder every time occurs with the help of impulses that come from the brain through the dorsal. If the chain is broken, spontaneous urination is observed. This happens whenever the bubble is filled. As a result, parents notice frequent urination. At the child of 5 years such it is possible at traumas, inflammatory-degenerative diseases, tumors of a brain.

Pressure on the bladder from the outside

With a decrease in the size of the bladder, there is a need for more frequent emptying, that is, pollakiuria. In addition to abnormal development, this disorder can result from outside pressure (pregnancy in adolescent girls, tumors in the small pelvis, etc.).

Examination for confirmation of diagnosis

To identify the presence of a disease, you need to do a urine test. It is not recommended to collect it in the evening hours. Also, do not store liquid in the refrigerator for more than 12 hours, as the results of the analysis may be incorrect.

If a large number of microbes are found in the urine during the diagnosis, an additional study will be needed to determine the sensitivity to antibiotics. Ultrasound is used to detect signs of inflammation or an abnormal structure of the bladder. A blood test is necessary for the study of hormones, assessing the functioning of the kidneys and determining the glucose content. Sometimes consultation of narrow experts (the nephrologist, the endocrinologist) is required.

Treatment Options

Based on the results of the examination, the doctor can determine what is associated with frequent urination in children, the causes of the pathological disorder. After this, the pediatrician appoints the appropriate treatment.

With a physiological pollakiuria, no specific therapy is used. All other reasons require treatment in a hospital, where there is the possibility of a full diagnosis of diseases and round the clock monitoring of the child's condition.

The course of therapy is prescribed in accordance with the diagnosis, since pathological pollakiuria can not be overcome without affecting the main disease. Selection of specific drugs remains for the doctor. The range of drugs used for frequent urination in children is very wide. For example, with neuroses prescribe sedatives, for the treatment of diabetes requires the introduction of insulin. In case of disruption of the CNS, surgical intervention may be required.

Parents should understand that pollakiuria is a serious enough disorder, which can be caused by dangerous diseases. If the child's temperature and frequent urination persist for several hours, it is necessary to call a team of medical workers. Self-treatment of such a pathology is not recommended.

Preventive measures

Of course, to insure a child from diseases of the urinary system is impossible. However, a number of preventive measures allow timely detection of pathology and prevent the emergence of unpleasant complications.

1. Be extremely attentive to the state of the child and possible manifestations of the disease.
2. Do not disregard the planned visits to the doctor. Children under six months of age should be examined by a pediatrician every month, up to three years - every three months, after four - every six months.
3. Take care that the child does not catch cold, do not let him sit on cold benches and damp earth.
4. Pediatricians recommend feeding the baby as long as possible with breast milk. In the urine of these children is contained in large quantities of immunoglobulin A, which protects against various infections.
5. Do not try to find out for yourself why frequent urination in children may be related. Treatment and comprehensive examination can be prescribed only by a doctor.

Parents should constantly monitor how often the child goes to the toilet. In case of any abnormalities, it is necessary to consult a pediatrician. Better once again consult with a doctor and protect the children's body from possible complications.