Embroidery smooth for beginners. Technique of embroidery stitch

One of the oldest labor-consuming types of needlework is embroidered with a smooth surface! For beginners, there are special special sets for working in this technique, entire encyclopedias are written on its features. And still there are professionals who are developing new stitches and whole embroidery technologies.

Brief description of the surface

Let's start acquaintance with this kind of needlework from the very beginning. You can embroider everything that comes to hand on the surface: clothes, bed linens, tablecloths, scarves, paintings, bags, bookmarks, magnets. In comparison with the cross, the patterns look more tender and elegant.

Many believe that embroidery with artistic smoothness is the easiest needlework. What is difficult? He drew a drawing on the fabric, made stitches forward with a needle and swept the contour ... But not everything is so simple.

Embroidery smooth, like other directions of needlework, has several varieties: two-sided, one-sided, Russian, Poltava, Vladimir, art, satin, white. Each of the directions has its own peculiarities.

Beginners do not need to remember all the stitches. It is enough to learn a couple of seams that will be useful for embroidering abstract drawings, landscapes, floral ornaments. But it's best to start working with a small pattern, since the essence of embroidery is the smoothness of the stitches, which fit tightly to each other.

Types of embroidery

There are several most popular directions of this needlework.

• Satin smooth surface. For her, thin strings are taken and embroidered with small closely fitting stitches, which begin from the middle of the previous row. As a result, the face of the work resembles a smooth one-piece pattern, and the underside is "stained" with short tracks.
• Artistic embroidery is smooth. For beginners, this is not an easy technique. In this technology, the pattern is embroidered with a flat oblique smoothness without a flooring. Its peculiarity is to use different colors. It is here that the master's skill is important to mix the thread tones to create a smooth transition from one tint to the next.
• The Russian smooth surface. In this technique, stitches are laid in two directions with straight vertical or horizontal stitches, 5-7 mm in length. At the same time, they are characterized by a distance of two strands between "neighbors". When the embroidery goes in the opposite direction, these gaps are gently sewn up.
• White embroidery. This pattern is performed only with white threads in several stages: first the contour is laid forward with a needle, the flooring is done, and stitches are tightly adhered to each other after being stitched together.

Embroidery on the surface: lessons for beginners

For work, you need to prepare the material, needles, tracing paper, a pencil, and threads. The fabric can be taken anyway depending on your goals. For embroidery of bed linen, choose traditional coarse calico, satin, poplin, silk. Clothing can be embroidered on any fabric, from denim to woolen. For paintings, choose a material with a dense weave.

In addition to cloth, special attention is given to needles. Gentle material embroider with thin needles, since thick will deform the surface, leave holes and tightly pass through the embroidery. You need to buy thick needles under a thick fabric for embroidery of outer clothing, bags, hats. Your "tools" should be smooth and with a sharp end.

For embroidery, prepare the embroidery hoop with such a fixture to tighten the fabric. Do not embroider light material on metal fasteners, as they leave gray traces. The best option is wooden frames for paintings and embroidery frames for small embroideries.

Continuing the topic of materials

For smoothing, any thread, from thin silk to thick wool, is suitable. The thinner the thread, the more tender the fabric should be. Although on some design models this rule is violated. In any case, try to sew a small element on the fabric with threads that differ in brand and composition.

Chinese masters prefer silk thread, Russian needlewomen choose a usual mulina. For voluminous paintings, wool and cotton are taken. Buy sharp scissors so that when cutting off, there will not be "tails" left. In any store of goods for needlework will help you in the selection of tracing paper and marker, which disappears on the fabric.

Patterns for embroidery by smoothness can be found in magazines, buy in a store or draw from any postcard. Separately, the material to buy is cheaper, but some skilled workers prefer to immediately buy a ready-made set, where the threads are selected according to color, instructions on stitches and the basis are given. With the basic material finished. Also you can pay attention to the organizer for threads, rasyrivatel, awlo and thimble.

Embroidery for beginners: preparatory stage

Once you have decided on the topic, you have purchased all the material, go to the preparatory stage. Process the edges of the fabric as follows:

• In case of embroidery, the edges can be glued with glue;
• Handkerchiefs, napkins and other small works can be designated by pulling several threads;
• If there is a sewing machine, then overlock the edges of the fabric.

Now cut the workpiece, dry it and iron it. Translate the picture on the tracing paper and put it on the fabric, barbed with needles. Use a conventional suture forward with a needle to draw a contrasting thread along all lines of the drawing. Delete the wallets.

Place the material on the frame or frame and proceed to the embroidery with a smooth surface. Do not forget that fixing the thread at the beginning and end of the work is almost the same as when sewing with a cross. That is, the thread can be secured with the help of eyelets, if the addition allows. In one addition, the moulinet is attached to the inside by means of a small cross, between which the tail of the thread hides. At the end of the work, the moulinet hides on the wrong side of the embroidered pattern or is padded with 3-4 stitches on the front side, then closed with the next layer of thread.

Types of seams

The technology of embroidery with smoothing implies the use of several seams.

• "Forward with a needle." Puncture the needle with a uniform stitch along the contour of the pattern. Please note that the length of the seam should correspond to the distance between the padded segments.
• "Back the needle." Enter from the inside the needle into the fabric for a length equal to two stitches, then return it back and make a single seam on the face. Thus, from the front side, the line resembles the technique described above, and from the underside it looks like a stalk pattern.
• "Stem Seam". The needle is displayed on the face from the middle of the previous stitch and is inclined to the underside. This technique is used for embroidery of stems, leaves, petals.
• "Stitched stitch" reminds the letters "uuu" or "nnn". The essence of the seam is that the needle runs from the top to the bottom, laying vertical stitches, while leaving the thread on the face of the thread under it. As a result, when tightening the moulin, a loop is formed. This seam can be done in different ways with the help of tilt, stitch height, combination with other technique.

"Double" patterns

The following technique is characterized by a combination of two seams. This is necessary to get a three-dimensional embroidery smooth. Flowers, leaves and other patterns are made using this technology.

• A narrow roller. First, a "forward needle" stitch is laid, and then vertical small stitches are sewn tightly to each other. Used to decorate fine lines.
• "A long stitch in the back." This seam is used for embroidery of leaves and petals. Stitches are laid along the entire length of the sheet, only the long thread is then fastened with short stitches, as a result of which the fabric does not show through.
• "Stitch with a flooring". First, small stitches are laid throughout the pattern with a needle, and then a double-sided embroidery pattern is sewn over the contour with vertical, horizontal or oblique stitches. A seam is very suitable for embroidering leaves, stems and vintage patterns.
• "Pyshechka." The contour of the circle is sewn forward with a needle, then horizontal stitches are densely laid to the border, on top of which you embroider vertical stitches, going behind the contour.

"Single" patterns

• The "Uzelok". It is executed as a French node. The needle is first displayed on the face. On it you make several coils that hold and simultaneously pull the needle to the wrong side. As a result, a convex bundle is formed. In this case, the points of exit and entrance of the needle should be located very close.
• "Verhoshov". Stitches are made from the top to the bottom, forming small tracks on the wrong side. That is, from one end you make a vertical stitch, drawing a needle on the same line on the face next to the exit point. Now make a stitch in the opposite direction using the same technique.
• "Chain". Pull the needle to the face of the work, then toss the thread in front of the needle, forming a loop, insert the needle near the point of entry and withdraw the needle, leaving the thread under it. The result is a chain.
• "Loop in the middle". This pattern embroidered flower petals. It is made, as a chain, only by a small vertical stitch fixed in the center of the petal.

These are the most common patterns. First embroidery with a smooth start for beginners can seem complicated, but in practice everything becomes clear.

Basic rules of embroidery

1. Outline the outline of all lines.
2. Complex elements are divided into several parts (lines). For example, a flat narrow leaf is embroidered in three stages: the left, then the right side and the middle line.
3. Flowers are embroidered from the brim to the center.
4. The leaves are embroidered in the direction of the veins from the edge to the center.
5. For the volume of the pattern, several techniques are used: double-sided smoothing, when the underside is stitched, and the front side, the flooring, the combination of horizontal and vertical tightly fitting stitches (the upper seam goes behind the contour).
6. Mixing colors is better to use uneven stitches, when the beginning of a new series begins with the middle of the previous one. This is the most complex and interesting, what is characterized by embroidery on the surface.
7. For beginners, a small picture will be embroidered more easily, and experience will work out faster. You do not need to buy complicated expensive works, enough embroidery 10х15 cm with a small plot (the price is about 200 rubles).

At first glance, embroidery with smoothness seems complicated technique, but try with small motifs. You will not notice how to learn to "draw" with a needle!