"Dopamine": instructions for use, reviews, description, analogues

Pharmacological action of the drug "Dopamine" is due to its membership in adrenergic substances and is reduced to a general increase in tone, stimulation of the heart muscle and blood vessels, activation of the processes occurring in the central nervous system. Similarly, the body reacts to the natural hormone dopamine, which under normal conditions is synthesized by the cells of the brain. The use of this tool in medicine is dictated by the need to effectively combat the effects of shock conditions, cardiovascular diseases (arrhythmia, including), food poisoning and depression.

Metabolism and kinetics

According to the instructions for use, Dopamine, depending on the dosage, can act as a causative agent of beta and alpha-type adrenergic receptors, positively influence systemic hemodynamics and improve the performance of the musculature of the blood lines and kidneys. The active substance spreads through the body evenly, while part of the reagents cross the blood-brain barrier.

The therapeutic effect occurs within five minutes after the administration of the drug and lasts a total of about ten minutes. According to the results of metabolism, which occurs in the liver, kidneys and partially in the plasma, inactive compounds are formed. About 80% of the dose is excreted from the body with urine in the form of metabolites as early as the first day.

When is it recommended to use Dopamine?

Instructions for use determine such a list of cases:

• Shock of various genesis (including the condition that resulted from the transferred operation or toxic infection, as well as cardiac disorder);
• Cardiovascular failure (acute form);
• Complex or usual food poisoning (the drug intensifies diuresis, which favorably affects the rate of toxin withdrawal);
• Arterial hypotension.

The use and dosage of "Dopamine"

The drug belongs to the group of drugs of intravenous drip. The dose is calculated taking into account the real shock situation and with a mandatory correction for blood pressure. In addition, the patient's reaction to the infusion as a whole is taken into account.

It is important to understand that the dose (mg) is not the only criterion in the compilation of the prognosis. The final effect largely depends on the speed with which the drug "Dopamine" will be administered. The instruction for use highlights these scenarios:

• Increased urinary output from 100 to 250 μg / min;
• Therapy, coupled with surgical interventions - from 300 to 700 mcg / min;
• Cardiac crisis or dynamic shock of a septic character - from 750 to 1500 μg / min.

If a cardiac arrhythmia was detected when a small amount of solution was administered, the dose is not increased. To patients-children the preparation is dripped with intensity from 4 to 6 mkg / kg / min. Speed is selected individually, based on the conditions for achieving the optimal reaction.

The maximum doses of dopamine for the same patient can be different - the target is the target (excitation of the musculature of the kidneys, vessels, heart, etc.). But to increase the intensity of the medication to 30 μg / kg / min and more is not recommended, since this can negatively affect the patient's condition.

Contraindications to "Dopamine"

About cases when the use of the drug is contraindicated, informs all the same instructions for use. Dopamine, in particular, is not prescribed for patients who have a complicated pathology of the thyroid gland or have chronic ailments affecting the adrenal glands. Certainly, the individual intolerance of the components of the drug should become a limitation.

Violation of the heart rhythm in the patient or progressing atherosclerosis are two more serious factors that can underlie the reasoned position of the doctor regarding the nonuse of the infusion solution. In addition, it is extremely undesirable to resort to the setting of a dropper with Dopamine, if the following diagnoses occur:

• Thyrotoxicosis;
• diabetes;
• Pheochromocytoma.

It should not be possible to simultaneously administer the drug with anesthesia agents made on the basis of halogen (or its derivatives). About the appointment of a medication to pregnant women, the decision is made by the attending physician.

Side effects: symptoms and perforation

The drug "Dopamine" (instructions for use directly on this indicates) is a multifunctional tool for impact on the human body. And the conditional line between the beneficial effect and the scenario, when the infusion provokes the development of side effects, is so thin that the very fact of using the remedy can be designated as the prerogative of experienced and high-class specialists.

For example, unsuccessful attempts to stimulate the cardiovascular system turn into point or complex cataclysms (there are sharp jumps in blood pressure, acute pain of varying intensity in the chest region, etc.). Among other allergic reactions - bronchial spasms, nausea, severe headaches, an agitated condition, followed by an unreasonable anxiety, dyspnea.

Sometimes there are small skin necrosis, nasal and gastric bleeding. With a severe overdose, the identification of side effects is not difficult. However, the excess of the appropriate optimal norm (mg) in small amounts can lead to hidden processes that are not easily diagnosed, which complicates the neutralization of the likely negative consequences of intravenous injection of Dopamine.

special instructions

A specific mechanism of reactions determines additional conditions for the use of the drug "Dopamine". Instruction for use reads:

• Before the solution is administered to a patient in a state of shock, it is necessary to correct hypovolemia by injecting a blood substitute fluid;
• Patients who have received monoamine oxidase inhibitors on a regular basis for the last few weeks are prescribed no more than 10% of the usual dose;
• Infusion should be accompanied by mandatory control of urinary output and heart rate; Also monitor blood pressure (stable load on blood vessels with a marked decrease in diuresis - a signal that the dose of "Dopamine" needs to be reduced);
• Patients under the age of 18 automatically fall into the risk group, because for this age group there has not been a large-scale research on the response of organs and systems to the components of the drug;
• The introduction of solution into the body, if possible, should be carried out through large blood lines (to minimize the risks of development of extravasation); If the release of blood from the vessels into the tissue does occur, it is necessary to take measures for immediate infiltration;
• At the first suspicion of the development of peripheral ischemia, the use of the drug is discontinued.

Interaction with other medicines

Proceeding from the peculiarities of the chemical structure of the drug "Dopamine" (the description of the drug is given above), it can be concluded that it is pharmacologically compatible. In particular, the solution reacts poorly to alkaline liquids (deactivation of components), as well as to iron salts and thiamine (the latter breaks down the molecules of vitamin B1). The hypotensive effect of the infusion is damped if, in parallel with Dopamine, the therapeutic course involves meqylamine (or its derivatives).

Synchronous use of the drug with levodopa virtually guarantees the occurrence of progressive arrhythmia. In turn, active substances, such as ergometrine and ergotamine, can cause gangrene, and in a critical overdose of Dopamine - even cause intracranial hemorrhage.

There is good compatibility with glycosides used in cardiology, and diuretics.

Popular analogues of "Dopamine"

Trade names of medicines, the active formula of which corresponds to the structure of the drug "Dopamine" (analogues are presented in the order, showing the degree of their availability in the domestic market):

• "Dopamine", the producing country is Russia.
• Dopamine-Admeda, Germany.
• "Dopamine-Solvay 200", Germany.
• "Dopamine-Solvay 50", Germany.
• Dopamine-Hydrochloride, Poland.
• "Dopmin", Finland.

"Dopamine": opinions and comments

Due to the specificity of the drug, it is almost impossible to get acquainted with the patients' opinion on its effectiveness (patients undergo infusion, being in a shock state, being in intensive care or directly on the operating table). Professional controversies, unfolded on the pages of forums, are conducted mainly by anesthesiologists and employees of the emergency medical service.

"Dopamine", reviews about which in the majority I will not understand much to a person without a proper education is a medication with a non-conservative mechanism of action: the course of the reaction is controlled from the moment of the introduction of the primary dose to the achievement of the desired result, that is, over the entire length of the time interval. And the doctor by adjusting the volume and speed of the solution through the dropper can change the vector of its medicinal properties.

The natural hormone dopamine and its antagonists

The unofficial name of dopamine sounds like a hormone of flight. This complex chemical compound is synthesized by the cells of the brain and provides normal (habitual in the understanding of man) work of all muscle groups and not only. Bliss, ease, readiness for any tests - this is how the psychophysical portrait of an individual looks in the organism of which the hormone was released. When the substance is deficient, a "pleasure crisis" begins: in the behavior, detachment is seen, the unwillingness to accept what is happening around, the movements are constrained, the thought processes are inhibited.

Sometimes there is a need for artificial blocking of receptors that react to the hormone of flight. The role of an insurmountable barrier is performed by dopamine antagonists. Medications of this group exclude the possibility of obtaining "natural satisfaction", that is, in effect, extinguish the patient's psychophysical activity. The prescription of antagonists of this hormone is justified for schizophrenia, treatment of drug dependence, chronic migraines, stomach disorders.