Doctor Zhivago: the history of creation. B. Pasternak, Doctor Zhivago: a summary

In the last months of the war, Boris Pasternak was often invited to the Moscow University, the Polytechnic Museum and the House of Scientists, where he publicly read his poems. Therefore, he hoped that victory would significantly affect the political climate. But he was in for a bitter disappointment: the attacks of the leaders of the Writers' Union continued. He could not forgive the growing popularity among foreign readers.

Start work on the novel

The idea of the novel "Doctor Zhivago", the history of whose creation began at the very origins of Pasternak's creative path, was formed for a long time in the poet's mind. But in the autumn of 1945, having gathered together all the images, thoughts, intonations, he realized that he was ready to begin work on the work. And the plot so clearly formed into a single line, that the poet expected that it would take him several months to write the novel.

We can say that February 1946 is the beginning of Pasternak's work on the novel. It was then that the poem "Hamlet" was written, which opens the last chapter of "Doctor Zhivago."

And in August the first chapter was already ready. He read it to close friends. But on August 14, "the very same thing" came out the Resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU (B.) On the magazines Zvezda and Leningrad. Despite the fact that it had no direct relationship to Pasternak (it affected the fate of A. Akhmatova and M. Zoshchenko), this event gave rise to a new round of struggle against "ideologically alien" authors. Even more, his situation worsened when rumors spread about the possible nomination of Pasternak for the Nobel Prize.

Work on the first chapters

Nevertheless, the author did not stop work. The novel "Doctor Zhivago" so captivated Pasternak that by the end of December two more chapters had been completed. And the first two were copied to a copy, the sheets of which were sewn into a notebook.

It is known that initially the name was different: "Boys and girls." So the author called his work at the first stages of creation. This was not only a description of the historical image of Russia in the first half of the 20th century, but also an expression of Pasternak's subjective views on the place of man in the formation of the world, art and politics, and so on.

In the same year 1946 the poet meets a woman who became his last love. It was Olga Ivinskaya. In the beginning of acquaintance she performed the functions of secretary. There were a lot of obstacles between them. These are past tragedies, and current life circumstances. The first husband of Ivinsky committed suicide, the second was also not alive. And Pasternak was married for the second time, he had children.

Their love was contrary to everything. Many times they parted forever, but they could not live apart. Pasternak himself admitted that it was Olga's features that he put into the image of the main character of the novel - Lara Gishar.

Break

The difficult material situation forced Pasternak to stop work on the novel Doctor Zhivago. The history of creation continued in the following year, 1948. And the whole of the 1947th poet was engaged in translations, because he had to provide not only himself, but also all those who care about whom he voluntarily put on his shoulders. This is his own family, and Nina Tabidze (the wife of the repressed Georgian poet), Ariadna and Anastasia Tsvetaeva (daughter and sister of the poetess), and the widow of Andrei Bely, and finally the children of Olga Ivinskaya.

In the summer of 1948, the fourth chapter of the novel was completed. Then the author gave the work the final title: "Doctor Zhivago." The content has already been structured, the parts are also entitled.

Then there was a long break. He was connected, first, with the arrest of Olga Ivinskaya, in which Pasternak blamed himself. Secondly, with increasing oppression over him.

He will finish the seventh chapter only by the spring of 1952. In the autumn it was printed in black and white. Thus the work on the first book of the novel Doctor Zhivago was completed. The author survived myocardial infarction a few days later, was hospitalized and was hospitalized for more than two months. There, in a very difficult condition, he suddenly felt intimacy with the Creator. This feeling affected the mood of his works.

After Stalin's death and the shooting of Beria, there was a noticeable revival of literary life. Yes, and Boris Pasternak cheered up, especially since Olga Ivinskaya returned from the camps. In 1954, published ten poems from an unfinished novel.

Completion of "Doctor Zhivago"

In the fall of 1954 Pasternak and Ivinskaya resumed close relations. The summer of 1955, Olga spent near Peredelkino. There, the poet took a house for her. He could not leave his family altogether. Tortured with an unbearable sense of guilt before his wife, he led a double life. From that time, Olga was almost completely engaged in the monetary, editorial and publishing affairs of Pasternak. Now Boris Leonidovich has more time for creativity. In July, he was already working on an epilogue. The finishing touches were introduced at the end of 1955.

The fate of the novel

Hoping for liberalization of views, Pasternak offers the manuscript of the novel to two publishers simultaneously. Also for the purpose of acquaintance, Boris Leonidovich gave a manuscript to a radio correspondent, Italian Sergio d 'Angelo, who in combination was a literary agent of the publisher Gianjakomo Feltrinelli. Most likely, this fact was known to the poet. Soon he received the expected news from an Italian publisher who offered to publish the novel. Pasternak accepted the offer, but was confident that his work would be published in his native country more quickly (Doctor Zhivago). The story of the novel is interesting and interesting, which is full of unexpected twists and turns. None of the journals gave an answer, and only in September Pasternak received an official refusal from the publishing house of the "New World".

The poet did not drop his hands and still believed in the success of the novel at home. And indeed, Goslitizdat accepted the novel Doctor Zhivago for publication. But the event itself was delayed due to numerous amendments and seizures of editors. Suddenly several poems and two chapters from "Doctor Zhivago" were published by Polish magazine Opinie. This was the beginning of the scandal. Pasternak was pressured, forcing him to withdraw the manuscript from Feltrinelli. Boris Leonidovich sent a telegram to the Italian publisher, where he demanded to return the text of the novel. However, behind the back of the Writers' Union, Pasternak simultaneously passes Feltrinelli's permission for the publication of the novel Doctor Zhivago. The author gave kindness to preserve the original text.

Even the conversation between the main persecutor of Pasternak, A. Surkov, and the Italian did not change the decision to publish the novel. Also in other countries, the first copies of the work were already being prepared for publication.

The reaction of the West to the novel "Doctor Zhivago". The history of creation ended in tragedy

The reaction of Western critics was so resonant that Pasternak again wanted to put forward a Nobel Prize. The author was very encouraged by the attention of foreign readers and was pleased to respond to letters from all over the world. October 23, 1958 he received a telegram with the news of awarding him the Nobel Prize and an invitation to her delivery.

It is clear that the Writers' Union was against the trip, and Pasternak received a direct instruction to abandon the prize. Pasternak did not accept this ultimatum, and, as a consequence, was expelled from the membership of the Writers' Union of the USSR.

The last lines

Boris Leonidovich was so exhausted morally and brought to the point that he still changed the decision and refused the award. But this did not reduce the flurry of angry statements against him. The poet understood that this scandal could turn into even more serious consequences for him. He was going through very much. He expressed his feelings in one of the last verses. This poem was the answer to all attacks and angry discussions. But at the same time, the last lines again spoke about personal: about the break with Olga, which he so yearned for.

Soon Pasternak had a heart attack. And three weeks later, on May 30, 1960, Boris Leonidovich died.

The life and destiny of Pasternak is one of the most amazing in the history of our literature, with its tragedy and heroism.

B. Pasternak, Doctor Zhivago: a summary

The novel describes the events of 1903-1929. The protagonist works as a doctor. He is a man with very creative views and an interesting character. Life difficulties affected him in his childhood, when first his father left the family, then committed suicide, and at the age of 11 he lost his mother. He, in fact, is Dr. Zhivago. Yuri Zhivago lived a not very long, but very busy life. There were several women in his life, but only one love. Her name was Lara Gishar. Fate gave them quite a bit of time to be together. Difficult time, obligations to other people, life circumstances - everything was against their love. Yuri dies in 1929 from a heart attack. But later the half-brother finds his notes and poems, which constitute the final part of the novel.

The plot lines of the novel were largely influenced by the difficulty with which Boris Pasternak wrote his work. "Doctor Zhivago," the summary of which does not give the fullness of the sensations from this great work, was very warmly received in the West and so severely rejected in the Soviet Union. Therefore, every Russian should read this magnificent novel and feel the spirit of a real Russian person.