Debt and payables are ... The ratio of accounts receivable and accounts payable. Inventory of accounts receivable and accounts payable

In today's world, a special place in the management of any enterprise is occupied by all sorts of accounting articles. The material below discusses in detail debt obligations called "receivables and payables." This is one of the most relevant articles responsible for compliance with financial arrangements between the two organizations, since even the minimal non-compliance of its party to the agreement immediately affects the ratio of receivables and payables to each of the legal entities being considered.

Debentures

The cycle of economic and financial activity of any modern enterprise is the reason that accounts receivable and accounts payable arise. This can be funds received from settlements for any material values, services provided; As well as manufactured and sold products in the form of various goods, etc. All of the above positions are reflected in the accounting records. Thus, accounts receivable and payable are debts of other organizations to the enterprise in question. Let us consider each of these concepts in more detail in order to more fully understand the difference between them.

Accounts payable

This term represents all kinds of debts of the particular enterprise in question before other legal or cooperating individuals, individual entrepreneurs and other related services. Therefore, to the above category, you can safely refer the organization's debts to suppliers of raw materials or finished products, which will subsequently be involved in the main production process; Before the contractors - for the services and work provided by them; Before their own employees (wages for their work for the benefit of the enterprise). In addition, this accounting item includes various payments to extra-budgetary and budgetary funds.

Accounts payable means obligations that arise gradually and continuously as the business of the enterprise under consideration is developed and further developed. One of the earliest debts can be considered debts to the founders. They appear at the time of creation of the authorized capital. Subsequently, all kinds of obligations arise in front of various banking institutions. It is believed that after them there are debts to suppliers, since they provide all the materials necessary for starting work. The fourth in this list are tax deductions on the results of activities.

Receivables

This concept implies all the obligations of any institutions that represent legal entities, as well as individuals acting as individuals, before the enterprise in question. In this case, debtors are called debtors. This category is traditionally attributed to the debt of the accountable representatives for the money they have given; Obligations of customers and buyers of finished products or services; Loan repayments and much more. Quite naturally, when the ratio of accounts receivable and accounts payable is declining in our favor. In human psychology, it is laid down that it is much more pleasant to get money from someone than to give your blood to anyone whatever. However, in any case, do not completely rely on the amounts that must be returned, because if they are not transferred on time, there is a risk that the company will incur losses. Therefore, on the shoulders of the accounting department is the strict observance of all obligations. This means that it is necessary to control the period of accounts payable and the payment of receivables.

Period of turnover

Often financial calculations require finding the above-described value for the further successful operation of the enterprise. All the necessary data for this can be taken from the periodically compiled balance sheet. Thus, the turnover of receivables and payables is subject to planning and subsequent control. The higher this index, the more positive dynamics there is. Turnover is characterized by indicators of liquidity and quality. They illustrate the speed of the process under consideration, with which the funds received will turn into cash.

Main factors

The estimation of accounts receivable and payable is carried out by means of turnover ratios. They are calculated as the ratio of the amount of revenue received to the average value of liabilities. In addition, the presented indicator can be calculated in days. In this case, he will characterize the period for which the funds in question are making their circuit. Thus, accounts receivable and payable are integral parts of accounting.

Coefficient of turnover of accounts receivable

This indicator is calculated based on the following data: revenue from goods and services sold, the average debt. To find the desired coefficient, it is necessary only to divide the first quantity into the second. Due to such calculations it is possible to find out the number of times of formation and replenishment of obligations for the period under study.

Accounts payable turnover ratio

Of course, the accounts receivable and accounts payable of the enterprise must be considered in the aggregate. This will allow monitoring and timely taking measures to improve the current circumstances. An unfavorable situation is one in which the turnover ratio of accounts payable will significantly exceed the accounts receivable.

Property inventory

Inventory of accounts receivable and accounts payable is necessary first of all to verify the truth of the values recorded in the bank accounts of the enterprise. To do this, carefully compare the data on their own accounting with the values obtained from the so-called counterparties. In the future, an act of reconciliation of earlier calculations is compiled, which is then sent for agreement and signing to the appropriate authorities. It is important to pay attention to the fact that the above-described documents are not the primary item from which the inventory of receivables and payables begins, but they are used only to confirm the performance of any economic activity. After all, when the process under review, the financial condition of either party is not subject to any changes. The signing of the reconciliation certificate shows only that the counterparty recognizes the existence of a debt between you.

Effectiveness of ongoing activities

Both the deadline and the procedure for conducting an inventory are established by the heads of each enterprise, therefore, for different organizations, these procedures may have some differences. The so-called "management apex" issued an order, which describes all the required actions and periods. Of course, this has nothing to do with the preparation of the mandatory inventory conducted on the results of the outgoing year. The result of such events allows you to achieve many goals. We list some of them:

1) clarification of receivables for goods sold or products not yet paid for (goods or services);

2) adjustment of accounts payable for the above items;

3) determination of the limitation period for each individual counterparty, and it is necessary to consider all contracts and agreements concluded between the parties submitted;

4) identification of balances of other payables and receivables with respect to the specific date of the property list.