The balance of the enterprise and its structure

The concept of "balance" in Russian is borrowed and comes from the French "balance", which literally means "scales". Hence the definition of a balance in relation to economic content is a generalized information about the state of assets and liabilities of an enterprise or organization, as well as data on the sources of their formation at a particular point in time or for a certain period.

The axiomatic rule of any balance sheet is a coincidence in terms of assets and liabilities. This parameter is the main criterion for the correctness of the balance sheet. Structurally, the balance consists of separate items that reflect the metric values of the assets and liabilities in the established units of measurement. These values characterize the amount of funds of the enterprise or organization, and also indicate the sources of their occurrence. In the company's balance sheet, the officials responsible for drafting it , usually accountants, contribute data on the flow of funds. These records are produced in strict accordance with the established system of accounts.

After entering the records, all articles are grouped, and the resulting groups form sections that reflect the movement of the enterprise's funds in the appropriate categories: destination, urgency and turnover. Such structuring provides an opportunity for the accounting and financial services of the enterprise to keep under effective control the situation with incomes and expenditures.

In order to more fully and visually represent the situation with the financial state of the organization or enterprise, the company's balance sheet displays data in two series of values.

Some indicators reflect the financial condition of the enterprise at the beginning of the reporting period (financial or calendar year), others contain information for the current moment of the reporting period. The components of the values of assets and liabilities form the balance currency, that is, those indicators, which, as already mentioned, must be equal.

As practice shows, the most difficult sections of the balance are the accounts receivable, which must be entered into the assets of the enterprise, and the creditor, which relates to the liabilities and reflects their values for the enterprise at the moment of the reporting period.

Due to such structure and content, the balance of the enterprise is considered to be the most important document not only of accounting statements, but also an effective tool for analyzing and developing a strategy for long-term development of the enterprise, including for a long-term period. Thanks to this document, it is possible to correctly allocate the expenditure of the enterprise's funds, regulate revenues and expenses, and timely and in full pay taxes and other payments established by law.

A special place not only in the system of accounting and reporting documentation, but also among the resources of a full analysis of the state of the enterprise is the balance of fixed assets (OF). This document gives an idea of the size of the enterprise's funds, their structure and state. The importance of this balance can not be overestimated, since it serves as the basis for determining all national wealth. The data in the balance sheet are reflected in the monetary form and are structured according to the indicators of the growth rates, the designation of the PF, the industry. An important part of the balance sheet is the reflection of the status of PF by forms of ownership. The considered balance is made out on two parameters:

- the initial cost of the PF;

- total cost without depreciation, that is, the depreciation cost of this basic fund.

In a word, the balance of the enterprise is an absolutely necessary document for planning the development of the enterprise, accounting for the effectiveness of current production and forecasting the reproduction, research and analysis of the state of fixed assets and capital investments.