Craniocerebral injury: first aid, symptoms, signs

Striking your head against hard objects leads to head injury. It is a mistake to think that if the bones of the skull are intact, then there is no reason for concern. Closed injury is no less dangerous than its open form. How is the traumatic brain injury manifested?

Classification

First aid should be provided very quickly, regardless of the species.

There are two forms of craniocerebral trauma.

1. Closed . It arises due to a blow to the head about solid objects. In this case, the integrity of the bones of the skull is not violated. How should first aid be given with a closed head injury? This issue will be considered later, now we will describe the symptoms. The signs by which it is possible to determine the head trauma depend on the degree of severity. A slight injury, which can cause concussion and bruising of the soft tissues of the brain, is manifested by dizziness, nausea and vomiting. Possible short-term loss of consciousness and mild amnesia. A heavier form can cause unconsciousness up to 10 minutes. A person injured, loses coordination, is not able to independently locate and recall the circumstances that led to it. It is desirable immediate hospitalization or examination of the doctor at any degree.

2. Open. The most severe form of head trauma, in which not only the skull bones are injured, but also the inner contents. Explicit defining signs are easy to notice. Deep wounds, severe bleeding, complete loss of consciousness. The patient should be immediately hospitalized. After all, only prompt and correct first aid in cases of head injury can help the victim.

Why are head injuries dangerous?

Even an easy bruise can lead to irreparable consequences for human health. A concussion accompanying most head injuries does not cause much anxiety in a person. Refusal of examination and treatment can lead to the development of diseases of the brain vessels.

Particular concern should be caused by head injuries in children and elderly people. Children's injuries may well turn into deviations in development. Attacks of dizziness in the child and complaints of headache indicate a possible concussion.

In older people worn out blood vessels can not withstand the load, and the risk of stroke is greatly increased.

Open head trauma is dangerous by free access to infection to the inner contents of the brain. Large blood loss worsens the condition of the victim. Splinters of bones and foreign objects can break the shell of the brain and lead to loss of fluid. First aid for an open craniocerebral trauma should be provided very quickly. Delay leads to serious consequences for human health. Statistics show a high mortality rate among those who had a traumatic brain injury. First aid, most likely, was not rendered on time, or incorrect manipulations were made.

When is it necessary to call an ambulance?

Having witnessed the fall of a person or a car accident, it is necessary to assess the danger of the state of the victims. After all, they may need the first medical help in case of traumatic brain injury.

Calling an ambulance is necessary if:

1. A person does not regain consciousness for more than three minutes.
2. There is bleeding in the head, from the mouth or nose.
3. There are cuts and open wounds.
4. Difficulty breathing or missing a few seconds.
5. Cramps of the extremities.
6. Coordination is disturbed, confusion of consciousness is observed.
7. Weakness and difficult movements.
8. Severe dizziness.
9. Vomiting.

First aid first aid

Timely rendered first aid in case of craniocerebral injuries can save a person not only health, but also life.

When injuring the head, you can not move the victim and try to put him on his feet. A person may not be aware of his condition. He can try to rise or help other participants in the accident. This is the natural behavior of the victim from a strong blow to the head without losing consciousness. What it is necessary to do if there is a probability, that at the person a craniocereberal trauma? First aid should be provided as follows:

• It is necessary to try to calm a man and put him on his back;
• It is necessary to monitor the pulse and the state of respiratory functions;
• When the unconscious state of the victim is laid on his side - uncontrolled vomiting presents a danger of blocking the airways;
• Wounds must be bandaged or at least covered with sterile material.

When does the ambulance take the victim?

The ambulance team will determine the patient's condition and, if necessary, take it to the hospital for urgent hospitalization if:

• The victim has not regained consciousness or is inadequately assessing his situation;
• There is a partial or total loss of memory;
• There was a visual impairment, narrowing or widening of the pupils;
• Paresis of extremities and other neurological disorders;
• Open wounds and bleeding.

The victim is delivered to the neurosurgical unit for procedures. With open head injuries, urgent diagnosis is necessary with the help of special equipment, surgical intervention.

The chances for a full recovery largely depend on the state of human health before the incident and the complexity of the injury. Long-term treatment in the hospital and continuation of out-patient observation of specialists are required. It is possible to compose a full opinion on the health consequences not earlier than in a year. Full recovery can last more than five years.

Treatment of minor injuries

Timely diagnosis of head trauma and properly prescribed treatment help to avoid consequences with brain contusions and concussion.

What to do with a person who has a traumatic brain injury, has he already been given first aid? X-ray and MRI will allow to determine the presence or absence of internal hemorrhages. Depending on this, treatment is prescribed. With a satisfactory condition, the patient is discharged for home treatment.

During this period, a patient with concussion is required:

• Complete rest and bed rest;
• Regular intake of prescribed medications;
• Copious drink.

In case of nausea, it is recommended to drink acidic liquids. It can be fruit and juice from apples, cranberries and cranberries.

Also, you should exclude extraneous stimuli (watching TV, working on the computer, reading books and bright lights).

The use of folk remedies is not contraindicated for an early cure.

Traditional medicine in the treatment of concussion

Head trauma is not a new disease. Village doctors successfully used medicinal herbs to solve problems.

Tincture of aralia is used to restore the functions of the brain. Prepare it, pouring 50 grams of raw 0.5 liter of medical alcohol. Infuse 3 weeks. Take a teaspoon by spreading in half a glass of water.

Decoction of the officinal officinalis improves blood circulation and dilutes blood. A teaspoon of herbs pour a glass of hot water (the temperature should be more than 80 degrees) and insist about twenty minutes. Take one third of the glass 3 times a day.

Herbs that have a soothing effect, can cope with anxiety conditions accompanying a concussion. The root of valerian in the form of a pharmacy tincture, a decoction of blue cyanosis, a motherwort infusion will help to establish sleep.

Methods of prevention

Any disease is easier to prevent than treat. This is especially true for serious injuries that could be avoided in most cases, observing safety rules.

1. For team-based sports, cycling and other active activities, it is necessary to use protective equipment. Helmet and other sports accessories will help protect your head in collisions, crashes and bumps.
2. Use seat belts and monitor the condition of the vehicle's brake system while traveling.
3. Observe the rules of the road both as a driver and as a pedestrian.
4. Ensure the safety of children in the apartment. Do not leave unattended. Limit access to traumatic items. Eliminate the possibility of falling unstable heavy items of furniture. If necessary, use soft rollers and cushions covering the sharp corners of the beds and sofas.
5. Observe safety rules during ice. Anti-slip lining for shoes to avoid falling.
6. Do not walk along buildings during snow melt and the risk of falling icicles and ice from the roofs of tall houses.

Observance of security measures will reduce the chance of getting a head injury.

Conclusion

Now you know what kind of trauma is, the first aid should be provided. We hope that the information provided in the article was helpful to you.