Causes of the Hundred Years' War. Years of the Hundred Years War

The history of the Hundred Years War takes a very long time. It is believed that with interruptions it lasted one hundred and sixteen years. Both rivals did not want to give in to each other, despite the numerous woes and tribulations, suffering and deprivation.

Without the historical events of the past, there is no future

During the entire period of this war , France 's population declined by two-thirds. Formally it is believed that the last battle of this war took place in one thousand four hundred and fifty-third year at Castiglione. The British lost and were forced to withdraw from the continent.

What are the causes of the Hundred Years' War? First of all, the dynastic claims of the British kings, who are closely related to the French dynasty of the Capetians, to the crown of France. And secondly, the desire to achieve sovereignty over its continental possessions.

How many people know about such an event of history as the Hundred Years' War? The 6th class, for example, stops not only on the details of the reasons for the confrontation of countries implicated in the conflict, but also studies participants in military events, the heroes of the war. But after the end of education, most people sometimes forget that history is an integral part of the human past, and without knowing it, you will not know the future.

As the British quarreled with the French

Years of the Hundred Years War between England and France - one thousand three hundred and thirty-seventh - one thousand four hundred and fifty-third. Then the French conquered Bordeaux. In fact, it was not one continuous war, but several separate campaigns.

The main reasons for the Hundred Years War and the irreconcilable contradictions between England and France are that British kings in France owned significant territories. Naturally, for the French it was a matter of elementary honor to return these possessions to oneself.

Monarchs of France did not tire of doing all sorts of dirty tricks to their British colleagues. The last drop in the cup of English endurance will be the French-initiated uprising in Scotland.

In one thousand three hundred and twenty-seven, the new throne was joined by the new ruler Edward the Third. He was a talented and ambitious young man. In addition, from the first days of his reign, he encountered very radical sentiments of the English aristocracy.

What did the participants in the conflict do, or the Duel between the monarchs

Edward makes the decision to send a restless English nobility to France. There, the knights of England will be engaged not only in war. They will start participating in robber raids, robbing the abbey. Capture captives, for which you can subsequently get large ransoms. In fact, the first stage of the Anglo-French war will be predatory.

At first, there were no active military operations. And although Edward managed to conclude an alliance with the Flemish and Dutch emperors, they also did not want to fight. Actually, the British army avoided direct clashes with the French army, which was larger than its size.

There were even proposals to end the war in an ancient chivalrous way: to make a duel between two opposing monarchs. The idea was wonderful, but the kings did not agree.

The first major battle of the opposing monarchs

In one thousand three hundred and forty-six, the first major battle of this war took place. Edward, along with his army was trapped near the small French town of Crecy. The strength of the army of France was many times higher than the army of Edward III. In this difficult situation, the English ruler put forward in the first rows of his knights-archers.

For the medieval battle strategy this is a great innovation. And it played a role. Powerful bows actually destroyed the best parts of the French army - its cavalry. This led to a completely phenomenal victory for the British under Crecy. From that moment, Eduard became a hero for his people and a famous military commander. And the French did not dare go out against him in a fair battle.

New participants in the events, or the signing of the peace treaty

This part of the military campaign was interrupted by the epidemic of plague that began in England and France, or, as it was called in the Middle Ages, "black death". According to recent studies, it "mowed" about one-third of the total population of Europe.

In fact, the entire composition of the participants in the confrontation was replaced. The English troops will now be led by Edward's son, nicknamed the Black Prince. At the head of France - the new King John the Second Kind.

However, it was no easier for the French. Edward the Fourth as a commander was much better than his father. He dealt a monstrous defeat to his enemies at Poitiers, in which the entire color of the French chivalry was practically lost. Not so much the causes of the Hundred Years War, how many of its failures led to aggravation of internal contradictions in France itself.

The uprisings begin to break out. The most famous of them is Jacquerie. There, King John was captured, and this forced him to sign peace with the English. On it the island state received considerable increments on the continent. The ransom for the king was three million gold crowns. For those times the amount is absolutely incredible.

Hundred Years' War. 6 class meets the famous Maid of Orleans

John's successor was King Charles the Fifth. However, the situation has not changed dramatically. Suffers from the loss of its numerous provinces France. The one-hundred-year war continues. The British are still advancing, people are dying.

The key moment of the confrontation between the two states was the siege of the opponents of Orleans. It would seem that France died. The city will fall, and there will be no one to protect it. But it was at this moment that something happened that the French today are called a miracle. This is the famous Maid of Orleans, which many people have known since school days. In the sixth grade, in the lessons of general history, details of her participation in this war are discussed in detail.

The victory of a simple peasant girl

Jeanne D'Arc was from an ordinary village family. But the Hundred Years War, the events she witnessed, could not leave her indifferent. She goes to the French king then to offer him her help.

At court, a simple girl was first perceived with a fair amount of irony. However, the situation became worse during the confrontation, and it turned out to be the only person ready to act in those conditions. The king entrusts the brave and selfless girl to the army. There is something unnatural! The fine English commanders are defeated by a simple peasant woman. Jeanne D'Arc is able to break the army of England under Orleans, and now the French troops are on the offensive.

When the main danger receded, they began to forget about Jeanne. They stopped providing military and financial assistance. And soon she was captured by her worst enemies. The Maid of Orleans was burned, but forever remained for France a hero and savior.

End of confrontation, or long-awaited liberation of lands

The performance of Jeanne D'Arc was a turning point in the battles. Despite the death of the leader, the French continued to win. And soon the war, which had so successfully begun for the British kingdom, ended in complete catastrophe for them. The confrontation between the two states resulted in the fact that the British were expelled from the continent.

Whatever the reasons for the Hundred Years War, the victory for the French meant much more than for the British. Because they defended their own land. Henceforth, England and France went in their development in different ways.