Maria Teresa French: biography

Maria Theresa French from infancy was involved in the military-political struggle in Europe. First in France, then in Italian lands. She was a participant in the revolution in European countries in 1848, the Franco-Austrian war and many other events.

Fate has treated her badly. Having lost her home as a child, she could not find peace and comfort, having married. The struggle for power by violent means forced her and her family to seek refuge in England and Austria. After the capture of her duchy by Piedmont she lived the rest of her life in Venice.

Pedigree

Maria Theresa of France was born on September 21, 1819 on the territory of the Elysee Palace (France). Father Charles Ferdinand had the title of Duke of Berry. He was killed by one of the Bonapartists, when the girl was five months old. By her father, she was the granddaughter of Charles the Tenth, the future king of the French, and Maria Theresa.

Mother Maria Carolina bore the surname Bourbon-Sicilian. In her line, the girl was the granddaughter of King Francis First, who ruled Sicily, and Maria Clementina.

early years

After Charles the Tenth, because of the events in France, abdicated, Louise Maria Theresa of France and her family went into exile. They settled in Austria.

After the death of Charles Ferdinand, another child was born in the family - the boy Count de Chambord. He was considered a possible candidate for the throne in France.

The situation in Italy in the first half of the 19th century

Italy remained a fragmented state. In the twenties of the nineteenth century, organizations began to emerge to unite it. Sicily formed forces in the fight against the ruling Bourbons. Also there was an organization of the Carbonarians, who in time passed into politics and began to fight against the Austrian domination.

The revolutionary struggle spread to the middle of the century throughout Europe. In this confrontation, the heroine of the article was dragged into the family, which she created with Karl, a representative of the Parma Bourbons.

Marriage with Charles the Third

At the age of twenty-six, Maria Teresa of France became the wife of Charles, who was Crown Prince Lucca. The event occurred on 10/10/1845 in one of the castles of Austria.

As a result of the death of the Duchess of Parma, who did not leave any heirs, Karl II annexed her territory. So Louise and her chosen one became Princes of Parma. However, the reign of the Duke was short-lived, because in a couple of months, in 1848, the revolution began.

Spouses were forced to flee their lands, as a result of which the prince was taken prisoner, where he spent several months. The agreement on his release was coordinated by the British government. Freed, he traveled a long way from Milan to the island of Malta, then to Naples, and finally reached Livorno. After their reunion, the family sought shelter in England and Scotland.

In the last month of the summer of the same year, the Austrian army suppressed the revolution in Parma and restored the throne of Charles II. However, the princess and her family continued to live in the UK, as the military conflict did not stop.

Children

In a marriage with Charles the Third Maria Theresa of France (whose biography is presented to your attention in the article) had two daughters and two sons:

• Margarita (1847-1893) married Carlos, who was a duke from Madrid and a candidate for the throne of Spain, gave birth to five children.
• Robert the First (1849-1907) - for five years was the Duke of Parma. Throughout his life he was married twice and had twenty-four children.
• Alice (1851-1905) was the wife of Ferdinand the Fourth, from whom she gave birth to ten children, wore the title of Duchess of Tuscany.
• Heinrich (1851-1905) wore the title of Count Bardi. He was married twice, but had no children.

The Duchy

In 1849, Charles II abdicated, and his son was placed on the throne under the name of Charles the Third. At this time, Maria Theresa of France and her family lived in the UK. The spouse arrived in Parma for the adoption of power, but to manage the acquired possessions (Parma and Pyanchentsi) began three months later. His rule, which was distinguished by special extravagance and violence, interrupted death in 1854.

After the murder of the duke, the power passed to his minor son Robert the First. Mother acted as regent. Like most of the rulers of Italian states, it could not escape the Franco-Austrian war of 1859. At this time, she and her children had to live in Venice, being protected by Austria.

In 1860 the Parma duchy subordinated Piedmont. From that time until the end of her life, Louise lived abroad. The son was only the titular duke of his former lands.

The Dowager Dowager did not become 01.02.1864. It happened in the territory of Venice. They buried her in a family crypt located in the monastery of Kostanjevica (at that time the Austro-Hungarian Empire). Next to her lie her grandfather Karl Tenth, brother Henry, aunt Maria Theresa, uncle Duke of Angoulême. Today this territory belongs to Slovenia.

Titles

So who is Maria Theresa? For many years of the monarchy in Europe princesses and queens with this name was very much. Only titles and years of government can help to understand who is talking about.

The titles of Louise Maria belonged to the lands of France, Lucca and Parma. At one time she was the Crown Princess, Princess, Duchess, Regent and Dowager Duchess.