'Buntashny century'

The 17th century ("Buntashnyi vek") received a very symbolic name. It began with the Troubles, its middle represents a troubled period of the reign of Alexei Mikhailovich. Social movements of this period are characterized by a great intensity and scope, intensity and duration.

In 1645, Alexei Mikhailovich became tsar, who was under the strong influence of his tutor, Boyar Morozov. After the marriage to Maria Miloslavskaya, the new royal relatives came to power, began to take bribes, which led to discontent among the people with the established situation.

The speeches with which the "Buntash century" became famous, are characterized by an unprecedented hitherto massiveness, which reached almost the scale of the country. This is the time of the Salt, Plague, Copper riots, urban unrest in Novgorod and Pskov, Solovetsky sitting, raznoshchiny. But, despite the aggressiveness of the rioters, the authorities had no difficulty in crushing the insurrection with the help of partial satisfaction of demands or the use of force.

Urban uprisings swept through many localities of the country due to the fact that the tax burden of traders and artisans became more and more difficult every year, and the treasury was replenished by reducing the salaries of serving people.

The salt revolt of 1648 was one of the most powerful uprisings that the "age of rebellion" knew. The financial reform of Boyar Morozov, associated with the introduction of a tax on salt, caused a strong dissatisfaction with the landed and archers. The insurrection that flared up in the capital ended with the satisfaction of the demands of its participants: the government replaced the wrangled judges, the archers were paid 8 rubles each, the arrears were no longer subject to the "right" (beating of debts by beatings).

But after the uprising in Moscow, a wave of riots and riots broke out in cities in the south of the country, in Siberia and Pomerania. The most significant were the unrest in 1650 in Novgorod and Pskov. The rebels replaced the governor and transferred power to the city elder. The unrest in Novgorod was suppressed by government troops, and a delegation from the capital was dispatched to persuade the Pskovites, who granted forgiveness to the rebels in exchange for their consent to stop the speech.

"Buntashny Century" continued with the Copper Riot in Moscow (1662), which in many respects recalled the events of the times of the Salt Riot. In circulation, depreciating copper money went, and taxes were charged full-fledged silver. Posadsky people and archers, reyts and soldiers of the Moscow garrison presented to the tsar demands and charges of the boyars in power in treason, collusion with the Poles and the ruin of the camp. Streletskie regiments forcefully dispersed the rebels, who appeared to the tsar with the demands of "killing boyars".

"Buntashny century" in Russia is almost no more than urban uprisings, is known for the razinskom movement (the turn of the 60-70 years), which was awarded the status of war, although there are still doubts about whether there was a war of the peasant or Cossack . The wars with Sweden and Poland led to the devastation of the population. As a result of the growing discontent of the population on the Don, an army of Cossacks was formed, which sought to overthrow the state system and establish a free government.

"People's Protector" - the Don Cossack Stepan Razin - was a man who poured rivers of blood. The violence of the lower classes caused retaliation from the authorities. Razinshchina originated on the Don, where for a long time settled runaway peasants and representatives of the village, who wanted to become free. In 1667 Stenka "collected the tug from the goat" and "went for a walk to the blue sea" in order to "get the treasuries as much as necessary." The Razin people took the Yaitsk town by cunning and gave up their royal favor in exchange for forgiveness for the riot. Stenka began his Caspian expedition, both robbery and anti-feudal. The flame of rebellion swept the Volga region. Only in 1671 Razin fell into the hands of the government and was executed in Red Square. The main centers of the uprising were suppressed.

"Buntashny century" led to significant changes in the further life of Russia.