Bougainvillea: cultivation and care, description, photo

Bougainvillea - a beautiful and original plant. It can decorate and transform any room or territory. How to grow such a spectacular tree and create conditions for its long flowering?

Description

Bougainvillea is an evergreen liana originally from Brazil (South America). There, it can grow to 15 m. Its young branches are very flexible. They cling well to the support. Therefore, it is easy to form any geometric figure from them. A sphere, a pyramid, a cone can form bougainville. Growing and caring for her are not difficult.

Bougainvillea blossoms abundantly in spring and summer, from April to September. Her flowers are inconspicuous, small, yellow. An unusual look and beauty give them bright bracts. From a distance it seems that these are petals. And only near you can consider their structure in detail. The colors are bright and expressive. Bracts can be scarlet, purple, red, purple, white.

Some growers are afraid that the room will grow too big bougainville. Cultivation and care (photo) will help to get a healthy plant. And in order to regulate its size, there is pruning. You can put it on the trellis and get a plant that will serve as a decoration for an apartment or a house.

If you plant several trees of different colors next to each other, you will get very beautiful compositions.

The leaves of bougainvilleia are large, up to 12 cm long. They are dense, broad and ovate. Are located alternately.

There are room and garden bougainville. Cultivation and care at home are slightly different from natural ones.

Sorts of room bougainvilleas - "wonderful" and "naked."

Used:

• For compositions in gardens, parks;
• For landscaping of facades;
• For decorating apartments.

In creating compositions of the bonsai style, bougainville is also indispensable.

Cultivation and care

Bougainvillea loves the heat. The best weather for her is from 22 to 30 degrees. But in winter during the period of rest it should be lowered to 12 degrees. In apartments this is not always possible. Then you need to find the coldest place in the room for her.

You can not overcool the roots. It is better not to install a pot with a plant on the floor of a cold room. Otherwise, bougainville might disappear.

Cultivation and care in the garden

In the southern regions, bougainvillea is grown on the street, harboring for the winter like grapes or roses. But this can be done in areas where the temperature does not drop below 5 degrees Celsius.

It feels good in the fresh air. Therefore, it is better to take it out to the yard in the summer, where bougainvillea grows well. Cultivation and care for the garden are different in that you do not need to transplant the plant. The temperature regime is regulated by natural means. But you need to water yourself. Natural precipitation may not be enough for bougainville to grow well and abundantly. Growing and grooming in the streets in summer and spring is pruning, feeding.

Lighting

Of great importance for the formation of colors is the amount of sunlight. During flowering, bougainvillea should be in a well-lit place.

And in the winter and autumn it will be nice to feel yourself in the shade. During this period, it is enough for 5 hours of illumination per day.

Watering

What watering likes bougainville?

Cultivation and care is impossible without a proper water regime. Bougainville badly tolerates drought, it throws off leaves and loses appeal. But the stagnation of water in the root system leads to its decay.

Therefore, watering bougainvillea is only necessary after the soil in the pot has dried to a couple of centimeters. Be sure to drain excess water from the pan.

In the winter in the period of rest, bougainville can not be watered. But you need to make sure that the soil in the pot is not completely dry.

The leaves of bougainvillea are irrigated every day. Do this in winter, if the air in the apartment is too dry. The water temperature should be about 22 degrees.

Do not use chlorinated water for sprinkling and watering. Do not let the moisture on the flowers.

Feeding

Once a week, bougainvillea is fed with a solution of complex mineral fertilizers, organic matter or a means for flowering plants. When the plant becomes large, then it needs to be fed every two weeks.

In order for bougainvillea to bloom well and grow, feed it with phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizers.

In the period of rest, the plant is not needed to feed.

Planting and transplanting

Bougainville is planted in the spring in a deep bowl with good drainage. The soil for cultivation should be dense, slightly alkaline, it is good to pass moisture and air. For planting, you can prepare a composition consisting of turf and leaf land, peat with the addition of sand. Instead of peat, you can take humus. If there is no way to cook it yourself, take a common soil and add sand to it. Although bougainville can grow on any soil.

But in the beginning every year it needs to be transplanted. This is done carefully so as not to damage the plant. Otherwise, it can discard leaves and even get sick. Transplant bougainville by transshipment, so as not to destroy the clod of earth in which the roots are located. For this, the plant is watered, waiting for a while, until all the soil gets wet. Carefully pass a narrow object near the walls of the pot, so that nothing interferes with the transplant. Tilt the dishes with a flower, holding it by hand. Carefully pass a clod of earth into a bowl, prepared in advance, with new soil.

When the plant grows up, it can not be transplanted until five years. When the pot is cramped, bougainvillae blooms. And if you transplant it into dishes with a large volume of earth, then it will begin to grow actively, and flowering will worsen.

When transplanting, you can not take a pot much larger than the previous one. It is enough to take a couple of centimeters more in diameter.

Trimming

Bougainville needs constant correct pruning. It will help to form an original and beautiful crown. If the cuttings are not carried out, the plant will have several long branches, at the ends of which there will be flowers. The number of flowering shoots also depends on the quality of the trimming. Flower buds are formed mainly on young short branches.

Pruning is performed in spring and autumn, after flowering, if it was abundant. In this case, you can not cut young shoots. It is only necessary to shorten them to half. Otherwise, the plant will not produce new flower shoots.

In autumn, just cut off the tips of shoots. This promotes the growth of young stems in spring, on which flower buds will be laid.

After carefully reviewing the plant and cutting it correctly, you can form the original shape of the crown.

Reproduction

Bougainvillea reproduces:

• Layering;
• Cuttings;
• Seeds.

Breeding multiplies, prikolov to the ground young shoots and sprinkled soil for a few centimeters. In the place of the alleged appearance of roots, shallow incisions are made. They contribute to the rapid formation of roots.

Propagate bougainvillea cuttings harvested from young shoots. This is done from May to July. Shoots with three or four leaves up to 10 cm long are cut under the kidney. Withstand several hours in ordinary warm water. Then immerse in a solution of epine or heteroauxin. You can use any growth stimulant. The simplest and most accessible can be honey. Cut the leaves that are at the bottom of the handle.

Prepare a mixture of peat and sand in a 1: 1 ratio. Set the prepared cuttings so that they are in the substrate until the second internode. Install in a place where there will be a constant temperature of 25 degrees. It is desirable that the heat is supplied from below. Cover with a glass jar or mini-greenhouse. Appreciates the young bougainville cultivation and care. We must not forget to sprinkle cuttings every day and to air them. The root system develops within a month. Then young bougainville is ready for transplant.

Cultivation and care from seeds are complicated by the fact that it is not easy to assemble the seeds themselves. In early spring they are sown in moist soil. They germinate for a very long time. Therefore, they must be covered with a film or a mini-greenhouse built above them, constantly sprinkled and watered.

Diseases and pests

Very appreciates bougainvillea cultivation and care. Diseases are associated with the wrong irrigation.

Bougainville does not tolerate drafts and waterlogging. She reacts to them by dropping leaves or not blooming.

The plant can be affected by spider mites, aphids and fungal diseases. Spray the same drugs as the rest of the flowers.