Homeliness, Gardening
Sage: growing outdoors, especially planting and care
To date, according to the database of the joint project of two world-famous organizations involved in the systematization and description of plants (the Royal Botanic Gardens of Kew, the United Kingdom and the Botanical Gardens of Missouri, USA), called the plant list (the list of plants), 986 species of sage grow on the globe .
Species
The Latin name of sage is Salvia. It is a perennial plant of the family. России традиционно его разделяют на сальвии и шалфеи. In Russia it is traditionally divided into salvia and sage. в однолетней культуре. The first refers to ornamental plants that are cultivated in a one-year culture.
Sorts of salvia (natural and hybrid) are sold seeds. Their sowing on seedlings is made in February-March in the landing boxes. Next, the seedlings are seeded and seeded into individual containers. Landing in the ground is done around the beginning of June, after the removal of threats of recurrent frosts. Blooms salvia (almost all varieties) from the age of four months until the end of the summer season. Decorate is created by different shades of colors - from purple to scarlet.
Sage х орошо известное как в Европе, так и во всех остальных частях света. Is grown as a perennial plant, well known both in Europe and in all other parts of the world. как вырастить шалфей совсем несложно, в садоводстве различных климатических регионов принято культивировать собственные виды, апробированные временем, лекарственным и кулинарным опытом. Since it is not difficult to grow sage , in the horticulture of different climatic regions it is customary to cultivate own species, tested by time, medicinal and culinary experience.
Sage: Species and Growth (briefly)
Most often the plant is associated with drug use. его вид так и называется — шалфей лекарственный ( Sālvia officinālis ) . Its main form is called - sage medicinal ( Sālvia officinālis ) .
ускатный шалфей ( Salvia sclarea ) распространен повсеместно, часто растет как сорняк. M cassatized sage ( Salvia sclarea ) is common everywhere, often growing like a weed. Its use is associated with a specific smell of essential oil, reminiscent of the aroma of orange and bergamot. The distillery and the culinary industry use it to give the products a flavor of muscat.
( Salvia pratensis ) растет на склонах, включая каменистые, и распространен по всей территории Европы. Salvia pratensis ( Salvia pratensis ) grows on the slopes, including stony, and is distributed throughout Europe. листья используются в кулинарии как приправы к салатам, супам, бульонам. Its dried leaves are used in cooking as condiments for salads, soups, broths. It is included in the marinade.
( Salvia deserta ) в России произрастает на склонах Алтая. Sage desert ( Salvia deserta ) in Russia grows on the slopes of Altai. дикорастущих видов имеет особую ценность как выдающееся медоносное растение. Among other wild-growing species has a special value as an outstanding honey plant.
Salvia nemorosa (Salvia nemorosa) is also Moldavian, it is also Yailinsky sage. Cultivation in the country as a decorative and honey plant is associated with some difficulties. The fact is that historically it is cultivated as heat-loving. Intolerance to snowless winters and susceptibility to freezing are the distinctive qualities of the oak sage. Planting and care in the open ground in the mid-zone of the Russian Federation are not complicated. A shelter for the winter - quite a difficult and time-consuming agrotechnical process for this species.
Sage: planting and care in the open (general information)
Cultivation of the plant has features related to the historical origin of each species. The area of growth is practically all natural zones. на приусадебных участках интересно с точки зрения получения декоративного ароматного растения-медоноса, имеющего к тому же лекарственные и кулинарные особенности. Cultivation of sage on private plots is interesting from the point of view of obtaining a decorative fragrant honey-plant, which also has medicinal and culinary features.
округлые орешки от 1,5 до 3 мм. Fruits of almost all varieties of sage - trihedral rounded nuts from 1,5 to 3 mm. Are sold for gardeners-truck farmers from the producers - seed nurseries. ращивание шалфея из семян не сложно, с этим справится даже самый неопытный садовод (технологию процесса можно прочитать ниже). You sifting the sage from the seeds is not difficult, even the most inexperienced gardener can cope with this (process technology can be read below). It is much more difficult to keep this plant for the second and subsequent years in conditions of little snowy and rather severe winters in the middle zone of the Russian Federation.
All kinds of sage are undemanding to the mechanical composition of the soil: they are suitable for loam with added humus and lime. But heavy clay soils with poor water permeability - the cause of freezing of sage and rot in the summer wet period. For the spring planting of the plant, it is sufficient to prepare a site for cultivation in advance by adding humus humus in autumn, before the planting season of sage.
взрослого куста диктуют достаточно жесткий подход к месту и расстояниям до других растений. The rules of growing an adult bush dictate a rather rigid approach to the location and distances to other plants.
Sage bush with timely fertilizing and watering can grow to a meter height, their width for the second and subsequent years will increase from half a meter in diameter.
Getting the seedlings
ак вырастить шалфей из семян в условиях средней полосы РФ легче всего рассадным способом, поэтому и основные усилия садовода должны быть сосредоточены именно на этих работах. So how to grow sage from seeds in the middle zone of the RF is most easily seedlings, so the main efforts of the gardener should be focused on these works.
Seeds should be soaked for a day before planting in warm water. Then rinse the bag in a pink solution of potassium permanganate for decontamination. Prepared in this way, the seeds can be sown in a planting box, sealing them to a depth of not more than 1.5 mm. Close the box with glass or a film, place in a warm place (20-25 degrees Celsius). Periodically aerate, opening for 5-20 minutes to additionally check the humidity and the absence of mold.
In two or three weeks there will be shoots. The glass should be removed, put the box in the lighted room. Best of all - next to the heating battery, under the windowsill. The temperature for sage should not be below 20 degrees Celsius - the plant is thermophilic.
Saplings with a height of about 1.5-2 cm should be transplanted into cups (peat or paper pots), remembering that the root system of sage is powerful, so it is easy to damage when planted in the ground, if removed from plastic containers.
Planting seedlings in the ground
In early June, grown and seasoned seedlings can be planted in the ground. Before that, since the beginning of May, it can be carried out in the sun. The soil must be prepared from autumn, adding humic fertilizers to it: the earth should not be acidic. If necessary, add peat and sand.
Plants should be placed at least 25 cm apart. This scheme can be perceived as temporary. In the second year, you can transplant the sage individually along the tracks.
Care of seedlings does not require any special tricks: weeding, watering, once a decade, fertilizing with liquid fertilizers, three times a season - with mineral fertilizers. Planted seedlings should be watered with warm water, you can - warmed in the sun.
Planting in the open ground with seeds
на даче посевом семян в открытый грунт нужно начинать осенью, в октябре-ноябре. Cultivation of sage at the dacha by sowing seeds in the open ground should begin in the autumn, in October-November. Soil preparation is carried out in September, digging should be done with humus, leaf litter, some sand and peat. The earth should be loose, the lumps - minimal.
In the holes to spread the seeds, sprinkle with river sand, a layer of dry humus and shed. Germination of seeds in this way, according to gardeners, will not be more than 50%. When spring planting, the soil is prepared from autumn, in the spring it is necessary to loosen it, removing the roots of perennial weeds.
Seeds germinate at an average daily soil temperature of about twenty degrees. Such conditions give the end of May, so you need a site with planted for winter or spring seeds to loosen, water and weed from the weeds. You can wrap it with netkanka - it will serve as a good shelter from night frosts and will keep the soil from drying out.
Rare (expensive) varieties of sage should not be grown in this way, as well as heat-loving, which should be read in the instructions on the seed package.
Features of care
The plant of the first year can blossom under favorable conditions: early powerful seedlings, warm May without recurrent frosts. Although the main task of the gardener for this period is to grow a strong plant for subsequent growth and flowering.
Top dressing should not be excessive. It is enough to do this once in twenty days with liquid fertilizers: manure, diluted 1:10, infused herbs of the same concentration, humate prepared according to the instructions. Top dressing with mineral (potassium-phosphoric) fertilizers is desirable in autumn.
Watering the plant is made as necessary, it is better to do it in the evening. The soil under it should not be too wet, it is possible rotting roots. кусты могут стать огромными (при хорошем уходе) либо, наоборот, вырождаться. In one place, sage grows well from five to six years, after this period the bushes can become huge (with good care) or, conversely, degenerate. A plant can reduce the number of root growth points. лучше пересадить. And in that, and in another case it is better to transplant it.
Preparation for winter and winter
Virtually all types of sage do not tolerate prolonged low-snow frosts. Prepare the plant for wintering (by the time this approach of stable colds with minus night temperatures), it is necessary to start with pruning: all shoots are cut to the height of the soil, under the stump. The plant is filled with mulch (dry humus). In this case, all root growth points must be closed. After stable frosts with a temperature of not less than 5-6 degrees, sage should be covered with lapnika or remnants and garden plants.
In winter, it is necessary to keep a good snow cover, snow should be poured into snowless winters. Shelter in the spring can be cleaned only after the return frost, do this gradually, carefully monitoring the night temperatures. Delicate young shoots of sage, warmed up in the day sun, can freeze at night at sub-zero temperatures.
Ways of reproduction of sage
The plant can be multiplied by dividing the bush, vegetatively and by cuttings.
For dividing the bush the best time is spring. After the appearance of young shoots, you need to dig a bush of sage and gently divide it. If you can not do it with your hands, you can take a sharply sharpened shovel and quickly divide the bush into two (or more) parts. The division can also be carried out by disinfected secateurs, cutting the root system into parts.
For vegetative propagation in early summer, you need to gently bend to the ground a strong process, pinned with a clamp, sprinkled with earth. Ensure that the ground covers the bracket. In two months, the developed root system of the separation will separate the new plant from the parent plant.
For cuttings you need to cut off a strong shoot with a blade or a scalpel, leave four kidneys on it. On the top keep the leaves intact, the fourth leaves in the soil. Root into prepared light planting mixture from humus and perlite to a depth of 8-10 cm, placing the shoot diagonally. Shed. Create a mini-teplichku, covering the container with a handle of film. Moisten as needed, ventilate. A month later the stem will give good roots.
With planting plants in the ground, do not tighten, because the sage should be well rooted by the fall.
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