Block keramzitny: characteristics, sizes, prices. Construction of expanded blocks

Building materials are improving every year. This is dictated by the need to reduce the cost and improve the quality of work on the erection of buildings. Block claydite - this is a special material that is used in construction and insulation of buildings. This product is very much in demand, as it has a lot of advantages.

What is a block?

The presented element consists of several absolutely natural and safe components: baked clay, sand, water and cement. It is used most often in the construction of low-rise buildings. You can apply these materials almost everywhere, regardless of climatic conditions.

Block keramzitny can have different shapes and sizes. For example, the height of the element varies from 19 to 24 cm, width - from 7 to 50 cm, length - from 12 to 45 cm. Inside the claydite block has voids, due to which the lightness and heat-insulating property of the element is ensured. For easier and faster laying on each product, there are grooves and ridges.

Material Advantages

Now it is necessary to consider the question of what advantages the block of expanded clay possesses. So, we can distinguish such advantages of the presented products:

1. Low level of thermal conductivity. That is, the blocks are considered to be an excellent insulator that is able to store heat in the room.

2. A sufficiently high degree of strength.

3. Good sound insulation. Therefore, this material can be used for the construction of houses that will be near roads with a busy traffic.

4. Light weight. This advantage allows you to build even two-storey structures on not very strong soils.

5. Fast and easy processing.

6. Resistance to chemicals, moisture, temperature drop and other negative factors.

7. Aesthetic design.

8. Acceptable cost.

9. Resistant to fire and putrefaction.

10. Durability and high strength.

11. Ecological cleanliness.

The size of the claydite block allows it to be used for the construction of the most non-standard architecture. And this material can "breathe". And the size of the block of clay blocks makes it possible to reduce the cost of construction.

What minuses does the material have?

However, there are several disadvantages:

- High degree of brittleness. Therefore, you should not use blocks for equipping foundations or high-rise structures.

- Less strength compared to other types of material.

However, these shortcomings are easily eliminated. A large number of advantages makes the material in demand.

Types of expanded clay blocks

Now you should consider what types of these products are. This will help you quickly determine the choice of construction material. So, keramzitnye blocks, the price of which ranges from 0.25 to 0.60 cents per piece, can be as follows:

1. Hollow. Here, a not very high density of the solution is provided for the manufacture of the elements. Use of such units can be used for construction and maintenance of energy saving in the house.

2. Full-bodied. They have a high level of density. It is these elements that can be used for the construction of load-bearing structures or basement floors. In the latter case, good thermal and sound insulation, resistance to negative operating conditions are taken into account.

Specifications

Any building material possesses certain technical criteria, which are declared by the manufacturer. They depend on the type of product manufactured. If you want to start the construction of expanded blocks, then you need to pay attention to such characteristics:

- Density: from 350 to 1800 kg / m ³ .

- Frost resistance: from 100 to 500 cycles.

- Compressive strength: 0.5 - 50 MN / m ² .

- Dimensions: height - 138-188 mm, width - 90-288 mm, length - 90-590 mm.

And the blocks do not practically settle down.

Material Features

I must say that the presented products are very popular. This is all due to their characteristics. For example:

- During the laying, there is practically no battle. And after it the building practically does not settle down.

- If the density of the elements is 600 kg / m ^{3 and} provides high thermal insulation qualities of the masonry, it is necessary that its thickness is not less than 50 cm.

- It should be noted also the low risk of cracks in the walls laid out of expanded clay blocks. The fact is that the elements have a high bending strength.

- Due to the presence of ridges and grooves this material is very easy to install. Thus the laying turns out very strong.

- You can use the presented material to construct such structures that will not be heated. The fact is that the blocks have a low level of moisture absorption.

- The price of such material is acceptable. That's why houses made from expanded clay blocks are becoming more popular. Especially since the time of their erection is reduced at times.

Features of material production

To produce the presented product you will need very few materials. And they are all natural, so the environmental safety of the product is guaranteed by the manufacturer. For work you will need sand, cement, water and expanded clay (burnt clay in the form of small balls). And an important criterion is the fraction of the material. For example, for full-bodied elements, claydite is taken, the size of which does not exceed 1-2 cm, for hollow bodies - 0.5-1 cm.

The whole procedure of production consists of certain stages:

1. Preparation of the mixture. It is important to observe all proportions.

2. Pouring into the molds and ramming the mixture.

3. Steaming blocks.

4. Drying of the elements. It takes about 1-2 weeks.

As for the technological supply, you do not need any expensive equipment for the clay blocks. It is important that it is serviceable and of good quality. For production, you can purchase an automated line. If you still do not have enough money for it, you can buy several necessary machines: a device for mixing ingredients, a vibrating table for sealing the solution, an oven for steaming the elements. And you need a place to dry the finished blocks.

The level of product quality depends directly on compliance with all technological standards. For example, in order to make the material more durable, polystyrene (foamed) can be added to the solution .

Use this material can be for the construction of cellars, baths, low-rise buildings, foundations and basement premises. Since the production of clay blocks is not very difficult, you can organize it yourself.

Methods of laying blocks

To ensure that the structure was strong and stood for many years, it must be properly built. Naturally, the features of making blocks allow the construction to be carried out quickly and without any problems. But the styling methods still need to know. There are only a few:

1. One length with a bandage. In this case, the insulation of walls is mandatory. This method is ideal for the erection of small structures and baths.

2. The thickness of one element. The outer side of the wall is to be insulated, and the inner side to plastering. It is best to build economic premises in this way.

3. With ligation of elements and voids between them. In this case, the space must be filled with a thermal insulation material. This is the method best used for the construction of private houses and villas.

Masonry technology

In principle, there are no features here. The elements are laid in the same way as the brick. To work does not require any special tool. It is necessary to prepare only a level, a tape measure, a trowel, a plumb, a rubber hammer, and also any tanks for solution preparation. To strengthen the masonry it is possible to use reinforcing mesh.

Naturally, the basis for masonry should be already prepared and aligned. Next, the first row of blocks is erected. It is spread from the corner. The waterproofing and the solution are laid on this row, the thickness of which should not exceed 30 cm.

After the first layer is ready, it should be carefully checked by level. Blocks should be stacked with offset seams. This ensures the reliability and strength of the walls. Vertical seams can not be filled in addition with the fixing mixture. Thanks to the grooves, there will be no through slits.

Rinse the solution with a new element, not a trowel. This will make the clutch more uniform. That's all the features of the clay blocks. Thanks to its advantages, this material continues to be in demand.