Biochemical analysis of blood and its interpretation

For a clearer diagnosis of various diseases, doctors prescribe a general biochemical blood test. This analysis includes biochemical, immunological, as well as hormonal and serological examination of blood.

Let's consider the basic indicators

Biochemical analysis of blood is one of the methods of laboratory diagnosis. It allows not only to evaluate the functions of internal organs, but also to receive information about metabolism and to determine the possible shortage of individual trace elements.

To donate blood for this analysis, one should not eat, drink sweet drinks and chew chewing gums. It is not allowed to drink alcohol and smoke before the examination. You can only drink water.

Biochemical analysis includes the following indicators:

• Glucose is important for the diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. Its low level indicates violations in the liver and some endocrine pathologies. The glucose rate depends on the patient's age and can range from 3.33 mmol / L and up to 6.10.

• Total bilirubin is a yellow pigment of blood, the concentration of which increases with damage to liver cells, excessive decay of red blood cells, as well as in diseases that occur with disorders of bile outflow. The norm of this indicator is not more than 17.1 μmol per 1 liter.

• The direct fraction of bilirubin - increases with jaundice on the background of an impaired outflow of bile. Normally, there is no direct bilirubin, or is not more than 7.8 μmol per 1 liter.

• Indirect bilirubin - the difference between general and direct bilirubin. Free bilirubin increases with pronounced decay of erythrocytes, which is observed with hemolytic anemia, hemorrhage in the tissue, as well as with malaria. The norm is up to 19 μmol per 1 liter.

• AsAT (aspartate aminotransferase) is an enzyme. Normally, its concentration in the blood is extremely small. Its concentration increases with lesions of the liver and heart, as well as with the abuse of aspirin or long-term use of contraceptives. For women, the normal level of this enzyme is less than 31 U / l, for men it should be less than 37.

• The biochemical blood test also includes AlAT (alanine aminotransferase), a hepatic enzyme, the level of which increases with liver damage, heart failure and blood pathologies.

• Gamma-HT is an enzyme. It is found in the cells of the liver and pancreas, so its high level is revealed in diseases of these organs or with prolonged use of alcohol.

• Alkaline phosphatase. Its level is normally up to 120 U / l, in clinical practice, its liver and bone form is important.

• Total cholesterol. The maximum concentration is 5.6 mmol per liter. It is the main lipid, which is formed by the liver or comes with food.

• Lipoproteins of low density are the most harmful fraction of fats, high indices indicate an atherosclerotic process.

• Triglycerides - indicate the nature of lipid metabolism.

• Total protein. Decreases with kidney damage and increases with infectious and inflammatory pathologies and blood diseases. Normally it is 66-83 g / l.

• Protein albumin makes up almost half of all proteins contained in the blood plasma, its level increases with dehydration, and decreases - with pathologies of the kidneys, intestines and liver.

• Among electrolytes, the biochemical blood test reveals the level of potassium, sodium and chlorine ions that are responsible for the water-electrolyte balance.

• Creatinine is an indicator that speaks about kidney diseases.

• Urea and uric acid indicate the functioning of the kidneys.

• C-reactive protein - indicates tissue damage and inflammation, as well as the presence of parasites or fungal, bacterial lesions, normally it is absent or not more than 5 mg / l.

• Biochemical blood analysis also allows you to determine serum iron - its low level indicates oxygen starvation and anemia. Normally, women should have a minimum level of 8.95-30.43 μmol / l, in men 11.64-30.43 μmol / l.