How much is the psychological structure of the personality studied today?

Studying more than one century personality as a psychological phenomenon, the researchers came to different conclusions about its components.

The most common for today is the psychological structure of the personality, consisting of four components:

• Orientation or aspirations (as well as attitudes, ideology, values, desires, interests, ideals);
• Abilities or abilities (skills, habits, habits);
• Character, expressed in a set of qualities that uniquely combine with each other;
• Motives - conscious actions to achieve actual goals.

All components are interconnected, and it is impossible to imagine that at least one of them existed separately, because it always refers to a person whose personality is multifaceted, unique and interesting. He can not lack character, there can not be no abilities, or no motives, but aspiration for anything is always there.

The psychological structure of the personality is a complex of interconnected components that determine the uniqueness of each individual.

As already mentioned, before coming to a common opinion, the researchers cited and proved their theories, sometimes contradicting each other. Separately, such components as psychic processes, personal experience , strong-willed qualities, temperament were singled out.

To date, it is customary to take into account the fact that there is something social in the person, and there is a purely individual one. This approach to the allocation of components has acquired the name "socio-psychological structure of the individual". It is the most complete, rational, because the structure included components that previously remained without attention: biologically conditioned signs of a person (temperament, features of the nervous system, sex, age). The social component (will, mental processes, direction and experience) is singled out separately. After such a separation, scientifically substantiated, it became clear which characteristics in themselves we can change or adjust due to exercises, training, education, and which are not (social, perhaps, biological - no). And this information is "expensive".

A kind of theory suggested in his time Freud. The structure of the personality in its understanding and in the representations of its followers consists of three components: I, Superman and Ono. By "I" he understood the component that exercises external control over human behavior (reason, consciousness, thinking). By "Overhead" - the part of the person who is responsible for compliance with moral concepts, values. "It" is the unconscious in man, namely his instincts, the desire for pleasures without any prohibition and restrictions. I and the Overhead are in constant conflict with Ono, suppressing its manifestations.

This original point of view explained such moments that the recognized psychological structure of the personality could not be interpreted, namely, the presence in the structure of the psyche of the unconscious. Deepening into the study of the last component of the structure, Freud and then his followers discovered many phenomena that exist, but their existence "does not fit" into the "traditional" theory. These are the so-called protective mechanisms and complexes, which, manifested in our behavior, remain unconscious. This state of affairs should remain unchanged, because having learned about its protective mechanism (for example, replacing negative memories with other, unreal), we deprive ourselves of it, which means we are depriving ourselves of our psyche protection. If such a method was necessary, then there is a good reason for that. The only thing that all psychologists agree (theorists, practitioners, researchers) is that the psyche is a self-regulating system that has not been studied to the end.

Thus, as a result of scientific research, the psychological structure of the personality acquired more or less clear outlines. Each of the three theories presented here has a right to exist, because they do not exclude each other, but complement, allowing us to form an idea of ourselves as a representative of the genus, unique and unique, with its own peculiarities, shortcomings and virtues.