Aseptic and antiseptic.

Aseptic and antiseptic is a combination of the actions of all medical personnel aimed at eliminating microorganisms from objects and devices of medical use, an operating wound, and skin. Also, these procedures help prevent the entry of pathological agents into the patient's body.

Great importance is attached to disinfection in medicine. This is the basis for the safety of the patient and the doctor, as well as the key to successful treatment. The basis of all surgery is aseptic and antiseptic, the definition of which mainly reflects the adequate and responsible behavior of medical personnel.

Antiseptic is aimed at the destruction of the pathological flora of the human body as a whole. There are several types of antiseptic: physical, mechanical, chemical, biological.

Physical antiseptics is aimed at restoring the physiological purification of the organism from microbes (draining the wound and washing it with physiological solutions). Perhaps open wound management to eliminate the nutrient medium in which bacteria develop. With the mechanical removal of non-viable tissues, the elimination of the nutrient medium also occurs, which prevents the spread of bacteria.

Chemical antiseptics - a method of cleaning tissues, which use drugs of bactericidal or bacteriostatic action. Biological antiseptics is also directed directly at the microbe or its toxin, indirectly through the human body. As biological preparations for disinfection, antibiotics, bacteriophages, antitoxins are used. This group of drugs not only destroys the microbe and its toxins, but also stimulates the body's immune response to the introduction of microbes.

Aseptics and antiseptics are aimed not only at eliminating pathogenic microbes, but at forming normal microflora. Without these methods of sanitation , no medical intervention is possible. Therefore, aseptic and antiseptic in surgery are integral parts.

Aseptic is used directly in the surgical room, on the operating table, and eliminates the possibility of pathogenic microbial flora entering the wound. Aseptic and antiseptic can be mixed or combined, i.e. When several substances are directed at the destruction of the pathogenic agent. It is considered that combined disinfection is more effective, because Is aimed at a wide variety of flora.

In the surgical room there should be complete sterility, only then can the positive outcome of the operation be guaranteed. Aseptic and antiseptic is not only sterility of instruments, surgical field and wound. This is also a full-fledged processing of the hands of the surgeon, careful care for the operating physician during the procedure. Important is the treatment of walls, floor and surgical suture material. For today, the problem of sterility of surgical threads and needles is solved, because All these accessories are disposable and packaged in an individual sterile film.

Do not forget about the disinfection of the wound, because often it is the source of infection. If earlier the disinfection of the wound was difficult, even burning and embalming were used. In modern medicine, there are more and more new ways to disinfect wounds and skin, much more effective than their previous counterparts.

It is interesting that for the first time an antiseptic was talked about in France when a scientist Pasteur discovered that with the use of certain solutions and extracts, the suppuration of wounds decreases and the purulent processes recover faster. This method had many shortcomings and side effects, but it was he who laid the foundation for aseptic and antiseptic.