Hearing Aid Analyzer

The human auditory analyzer is the second most important analyzer involved in providing its cognitive activity and adaptive responses. His special role is associated with articulate speech. Perception of sounds is considered the basis of articulate speech. With the loss of hearing in early childhood, the speech ability also disappears. At the same time, the integrity of the articulatory apparatus remains intact.

The auditory analyzer is annoyed when playing sounds.

Its peripheral (receptor) department converts the energy of sound waves into energy of excitation of nerves. This department is presented in the form of receptor hair cells of the organ of Corti, which are in the cochlea.

Phonoreceptors refer to mechanical receptors and, being secondary, are represented as external and internal hair cells. Man has about 20,000 external and 3500 inner hair cells. Internal cells are located on the main membrane in the middle canal of the inner ear.

The auditory analyzer has a central section, represented by the auditory zone of the cortex. In this area, excitation is transmitted through the nerve. The auditory zone is represented as an exact projection of the cochlear phonoreceptors. Lying at its base receptors are able to perceive high sounds. These receptors correspond to a special area of the auditory zone of the cortex. Other site correspond to the receptors in the upper parts of the cochlea, which are irritated when playing low sounds. Nerve cells are located between these areas . Each band is able to perceive the octave of intermediate tones.

The main membrane is located in the inner part of the cochlear duct. It includes twenty-four thousand elastic fibers, on which the receptors of hearing are located. Their number is equal to the number of fibers in the main membrane. The apexes of these cells are provided with hairs. The cover membrane hangs over them. This membrane can touch the hair cells. The endings of the nerve approach the phonoreceptors.

Perception of sound vibrations is carried out with the help of auricle. Oscillations pass along the outer passage and, reaching the eardrum, force it to move. In order to maintain pressure inside the middle ear the same as atmospheric pressure, there is the Eustachian tube.

This, in turn, eliminates distortion of sounds by the tympanic membrane. Transfer of movements of the tympanic membrane is carried out to the membrane in the window of the vestibule and auditory ossicles. The movements of the vestibule of the window of the vestibule provoke fluid oscillations in the cochlea, which, in turn, provokes the appearance of oscillations of the fiber of the main membrane.

At perception of various sounds there is a fluctuation in certain groups. When their movements occur, the covering membrane and hair cells come into contact.

This structure of the auditory analyzer makes it possible to analyze sound stimuli in terms of strength, height, and nature of sound.

Sound perception plays an important role in the process of orientation in a particular setting or in a person's environment.

The auditory analyzer allows you to distinguish between a huge number of word combinations and words. Thus, there is communication with other people. In addition, a person is able to distinguish between sound and noise at a considerable distance. So the auditory analyzer, perceiving the noise of a train, for example, makes you move away from the edge of the platform. In another case, taking the sound of footsteps behind the back, the person is alert and turns around.

Perceived by the organs of hearing, music helps dancers master rhythm and tempo of movements. In this case, the auditory and motor analyzers interact.