An example of a business style text from literature. A small text of the business style of speech: examples. Official and business style of speech: examples of texts are short. An example of a small text of scientific and business style

The mutual relations of people in the official sphere have formed a special style of language. He is called upon to serve the legal relations that develop between citizens and the state. Its main application is the compilation of various documents. An example of a business style text that is often found in everyday life is the content of the application. This article lists various samples of the official language. And also will go about the main features and basic functions of this style.

Purpose

Documents compiled in the official language accompany a person throughout his life. When he comes into the world, a birth certificate is issued. This document is the first example of a business style text on a person's life journey. Then - a passport, a certificate of secondary education and many different references.

Serving the formal business sphere, this style is implemented almost always in writing. In oral speech is much rarer. In a dry official language, state acts, international documents and so on are drawn up. An example of a business style text orally is a report at a meeting. The official language is the service of various legal spheres.

Types, which are divided into the business style of speech

Examples of texts are short concise or long lengthy messages about an event. All of them are official documents, and according to the area in which they are applied, they can be divided into three types:

• Legislative;
• Diplomatic;
• Administrative and clerical.

In accordance with this classification, it is possible to identify types of business language or sub-types. Each of them, having common signs of a business speech, has its own specific features. Let's consider each of them in more detail.

Office documents

Administrative style serves the following areas:

• right;
• public policy;
• Sphere of business relations.

Business speech arose a long time ago. Administrative style - the oldest of other book styles. It arose even in the times of the Kiev state. An example of the text of the business style of the Xth century is "Russian Truth" - a collection of norms that are a monument of ancient Russian law. Thanks to this historical source, one can judge the origin and development of the official language.

Style, which is discussed in this article, is changing not particularly intensively. Nevertheless, it is not easy to perceive the texts of the "Russian Truth" to a modern person. However, even with significant lexical and syntactic changes in the language, this document contains characteristic signs of the business language. One of them is the use of specific terms.

The clerical language is complicated. Documents often use complex sentences, there may be long lists of homogeneous members. In the orders, as a rule, incentive proposals predominate . Such features are unacceptable in fiction. The text of the scientific and business style has something in common. Example text: "The prefix is a significant part of the word and is in front of the root." This phrase is made in scientific style. Business from it differs in that its task is not only to communicate accurate information, but also to transmit recommendations and instructions.

Legislative documents

In articles on a legal topic, there are often quotes and references. A short wording of the law - this is the small text of the business style of speech. Examples:

• A single mother is entitled to receive housing under a social contract of employment from the state and housing stock, if recognized as needing better housing conditions.
• A foreign citizen has the right to apply for the registration of Russian citizenship, regardless of the observance of a five-year residence in Russia, if he is born in the territory of the RSFSR.

The language of laws has such characteristic features as brevity and simplicity. The main thing in this subgrade is the accuracy of the expression of thought. Laws assume unambiguous perception. The vocabulary of some documents (for example, human rights from the Universal Declaration) may not be devoid of high-flown. Especially when it comes to international treaties. But, nevertheless, among the legislative documents there are more such ones that are written in boring dry language. A similar impression is created by special words, expressions and so-called chancellarisms. In addition, standard formulations are repeated many times. In a small text, you can find repetitions of such words as living space, living, proper, endorsing, after the expiration and so on.

Diplomatic documents

The texts compiled in this sub-stratum are applied in the sphere of international relations. The language of these documents excludes the use of evaluation vocabulary, reduced or high words, that is, it has all those features that distinguish the formal and business style of speech from literary . Examples of texts - short or long documents and messages, compiled in the following genres:

• Contract;
• agreement;
• Convention;
• memorandum;
• note;
• Communiqué.

The most famous example created in this style is the Geneva Convention on International Humanitarian Law. Diplomatic language is very diverse. It has its own vocabulary (demarche, summit, attache). Diplomatic documents are drawn up on special strict forms. A personal note is always written in the first person. In circulation, the word "Dear" is certainly present. And the signature contains a kind of courtesy.

General features of business style

A distinctive feature of the official language is strict compliance with literary norms. In business documents, lexico-phraseological means of a colloquial or colloquial character are never used. Official vocabulary excludes dialectal and professional-slang words.

The documents do not use neologisms. Or meet, but only if they have a terminological meaning. Special words can not be changed or replaced by professionalism or jargon.

In the business style, there are significant differences between the underlying and the genres. But, despite this, the business style can also merge with another - journalistic.

What is the difference between an official language and a literary language?

In the works of art there are images, irony, various word changes, which, at times, are created by the authors themselves. In official documents, all this is ruled out. A complete lack of emotionality characterizes a small text of the business style.

Example text: "Ivan asked his close relative to provide him with housing. Assuming that this event may be associated with a certain material costs, he expressed the desire to obtain the position of a clerk or other position that allows solving a number of financial issues. " This passage is nothing more than a part of the letter of the character Anton Chekhov from the story "Vanka". Moving the words of the main character into a business language, you can get a short message. It is made in the style, the main feature of which is the dispassionate presentation of facts. Another characteristic feature of the official business language is objectivity.

Perhaps, there is more than one example of a business style of speech - a small text, which is a translation of a prose or even a poetic work into the official language. But such a transfer from one form to another is unlikely to be correct. Business style has such features, which are not found in fiction. Therefore, it is almost impossible to compare them.

Features of oral speech in business style

The official language is more often found on the letter. An oral example of a business style of speech is a small text of public and state figures. Although, undoubtedly, at meetings and ceremonies it can be quite long. Characteristic features of this style: logical stress and expressive intonation. In oral speech, there may be some emotional uplift. But the speaker should not violate literary norms.

Vocabulary of the official language

For business style, the wide use of terms and specific concepts is typical. These words can refer to the legal, diplomatic, accounting, military sphere. Often in the documents there are abbreviations. The desire for brevity is characterized by a small text of the business style of speech. Examples:

• The Ministry of Health of Russia has developed a law aimed at improving road safety.
• The research institute has a special department, where most joints are made.
• In recent years, new medical technologies have been used in health facilities.

In business texts there are also words and expressions that are not characteristic of other styles. These include such lexical units as the above, the aforementioned, the following, the proper, committed, measure of restraint. Specific phrases (an act of disobedience, a cassation complaint, a written undertaking not to leave the place) is a feature that distinguishes the business style of speech. Examples of texts:

• Short, short, short-term, short-term, short. All of the above words are crooked.
• Having considered all the above events, the author proved that each of them has a certain degree of possibility: one - less, others - greater.
• Each employee is required to perform all of the above requirements as appropriate.

Morphological features of business style

In addition to the above, the structure of the official speech has other characteristics. In it, for example, there are more adjectives and nouns than verbs. Since expressive coloring in the text of documents is excluded, it can not have interjections, particles and words with suffixes serving to create a subjective evaluation. Nouns, as a rule, occur in the form of a masculine gender. These words include, first of all, the names of professions: accountant, laboratory assistant, controller.

Among a relatively small number of nouns, most are part of a sustained turnaround. Cumbersome designs can have even a small text of business style. An example of a text in which such phrases are present: "In order to shorten the time for refunding VAT, it is proposed to amend the legislation".

Adjectives and participles often have the meanings of a noun. Such lexical units can have a small text of the business style, examples of which are found in the medical field: "In case of cardiac asthma, a patient may complain of acute shortage of air."

Pronouns in the business language are extremely rare. The reason for the rare use of this part of speech is due to the complete lack of specificity and individualization of speech. Instead of demonstrative pronouns, clericals are used: real, given, known corresponding and so on. It can not include indefinite pronouns (someone, any, anything) text in a business style. Examples:

• Short texts related to the category of selling are the specialization of this author.
• This situation is due to the deterioration of housing conditions.

Verbs in the official speech

These parts of speech have the highest frequency in fiction. In scientific they are much less. And the least common are verbs in official documents. This is the most characteristic morphological feature, which differs from all others in the business style of speech. Examples of texts from the literature also demonstrate that many verbs that occur in the official language have the meaning of oweship (it is necessary, imputed, committed, and so on).

Syntactic constructions in business speech

Such phrases are mostly cliched turns. The abundance of such expressions, for purposes, lines, on the basis of, in connection, is a specific feature that formal-business style of speech possesses. Examples of texts are short fragments from applications, claims and other types of documents: "On the basis of the foregoing, I demand that the equipment be repaired and information provided to the work done.

Stylistic features

Direct speech is quite rare in documents. It is used mainly when there is a need for a verbatim citation of the legislative act. The predominance of the indirect is a sign on the basis of which the formal and business style differs significantly from the work of art. Examples of texts are short official documents, in which small paragraphs, requisites and clauses predominate.

Signs of business style, listed above, are the main condition in the drafting of official documents. The wide use of forms and forms is not accidental. In some cases without them, the text ceases to be business.

Documents that must be very often compiled and processed in everyday life require clear standards. That is why it is so important to get acquainted with the peculiarities of the official and business style of speech. Examples of texts, which fragments are presented in this article, give a general idea of the important topic of one of the sections of linguistics. Namely - stylistics.