Alexander Solzhenitsyn, Nobel Prize: for what work and when was it awarded?

Alexander Isayevich Solzhenitsyn is a Nobel laureate, a great Russian writer and public figure. His name is associated with the patriarchy of world classical literature, he is characterized by ruthlessness and categorical judgments about everything that happened in the country during his lifetime. Solzhenitsyn could speak with accessible and patriotic words on behalf of millions, promoted national ideas, advocated justice and good.

Solzhenitsyn: the history of origin

"What is high among people, it's disgusting before God!" - it is impossible to object to the elder of Russian literature in our days. The hard-won life of Alexander Isayevich serves as a direct confirmation of his awareness of the simple truths of human existence. Born a publicist in 1918 in the North Caucasus, a family of immigrants from the Kuban peasants. Solzhenitsyn's parents were intelligent people, trained in reading and writing and basic science. Father Alexander Isaevich was killed at the front during the First World War, and did not see his descendant. The writer's mother, Taisiya Zakharovna, who got a job as a typist after the death of her husband, had to move with a small Sasha in Rostov-on-Don. Here also passed the childhood years of the great writer.

The love of literature comes from childhood

It would seem that the future of Alexander Isayevich was predetermined from the school bench. Of course, teachers who admired the incredible abilities of the child could not even imagine that Solzhenitsyn would receive the Nobel Prize for "the moral strength with which he followed the immutable traditions of Russian literature" - that is how the official name of the nomination sounds. But nevertheless, the boy's penchant for writing contrastingly distinguished him from a number of pupils even in school years.

Having successfully studied at the University of Rostov on fizmat, a great writer in the future was recruited as a school teacher. The life of the playwright was flowing in a measured way: combining work and continuing to study in absentia (the Faculty of Philosophy in Moscow), he devoted his spare time to the creation of stories, essays and poems. Changes also occurred in his personal life: Alexander Isaevich married a student Natalia Reshetovskaya, a fond of literature and music. In the fall of 1941, the writer was called to the service. After a couple of years of training in the military school, Solzhenitsyn got to the front, where he still managed to find free minutes for literary work.

The beginning of the struggle with the political regime

Solzhenitsyn's receipt of the Nobel Prize is not so much a consequence of the talent of the playwright or his ability to correctly form lines, but rather the result of persevering and persistent struggle for anti-Soviet agitation. Alexander Solzhenitsyn, in the rank of captain, was arrested for correspondence with a friend containing criticism of Comrade Stalin.
The author's attempt to undermine the dictatorial authority cost him eight years of camps. Amazing will and desire man: while in prison, he did not leave an idea to tell the whole world about the passions of the Stalin regime.

Solzhenitsyn's creative ascent: the period from 1957 to 1964

Only in 1957 the political prisoner was rehabilitated. Probably, Solzhenitsyn did not think about the Nobel Prize at the time, but he was not going to keep silent about the repressions of the past. The period of "Khrushchev's thaw" became one of the most favorable for the writer's work. The then leadership of the USSR not only did not prevent the exposure of the criminal policy of its predecessor, but also allowed the publication of the story "One Day of Ivan Denisovich". The work, written easily accessible to the general public, produced a real explosion: it dealt with one day of a camp prisoner. To publish the story began in Europe, all critics highly appreciated the work, which allowed him not to stop and send to the publication of the next stories.

Prohibition of Solzhenitsyn's works in the USSR

The change in the leading state leadership in the mid-1970s again played into the hands of Solzhenitsyn. Before the Nobel Prize, the writer was trying to put forward a national award - the Lenin Prize. However, his candidature during secret committee voting was ruled out. By the way, this in no way could affect the popularity of the writer: Solzhenitsyn read the whole class of the Soviet intelligentsia. It was impossible to buy novels in a bookshop, but the works literally went around their hands, staying with each reader for a period of not more than three days. Some of the stories were published without cover, as a brochure - it was convenient and allowed to easily hide the sketches of the banned playwright in case of need.

Political repressions against the writer

In 1965, the authorities began to interfere radically in the writer's work. The confiscation of manuscripts, the literary archive archive, the ban on reading evenings with the playwright and the publication of the novel "The Cancer Corps", which allegedly "distorted reality" and was recognized as anti-Soviet and, finally, the exclusion from the Writers' Union of the USSR - such measures hindered literary work, But could not stop the overseas edition of novels. All that was not printed at home, went abroad. True, the author himself did not give his consent to such a step, realizing the scope of responsibility.

Receiving the Nobel Prize: rewarding without a laureate

When Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn received the Nobel Prize, Soviet television tried to hide from the public the news about the award of a "bourgeois" award to his citizen. The courage of the author of works in which the truth of life has transcended the framework of "socialist realism" deserves true respect. In fact, the courage and firmness in upholding public justice is exactly what Solzhenitsyn received for the Nobel Prize. But, instead of the solemn award ceremony in Stockholm, to which Alexander Isaevich was invited, the event was celebrated in a close circle of people closest to him, the broadcast from Sweden was listened to on the radio at the dacha of a friend and composer Mstislav Rostropovich. It is worth noting one interesting point about the Nobel Prize for Solzhenitsyn's works: the writer has become a record holder of his kind, since only 8 years have passed since the publication of the first story - in the history of rewarding this is the fastest gaining of world recognition.

Fearing that in the case of a trip abroad, authorities would refuse to return to him, he stayed home. The direct award of the Nobel Prize to Solzhenitsyn was held only in 1974, four years after the award ceremony.

The writer's difficulties after the Nobel Prize

Immediately after the announcement of the playwright by the winner of the prestigious world award, the campaign, launched against him, began to gather momentum. Over the next couple of years at home, all the author's publications were destroyed, and the Paris publication of the Gulag Archipelago only angered the representatives of the communist leaders.

The widow of the author, Natalia Dmitrievna, is sure that from the exile and the prison term, Solzhenitsyn was saved by the Nobel Prize in Literature. The prize saved the writer not only freedom and life, but also gave the opportunity to create in spite of Soviet censorship. When Alexander Solzhenitsyn received the Nobel Prize, the negative rulers of the Soviet Union now had no doubts: the continued living of the "agitator" and "propagandist of anti-Soviet ideas" in the country would only strengthen his position.

Expulsion in return for the truth: 16 years in exile

Soon Andropov, then chairman of the KGB, and Prosecutor General Rudenko prepared a draft on the expulsion of the writer from the country. The final decision of the authorities was not long in coming: In 1974, by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, "Solzhenitsyn was deprived of his citizenship and deported to the FRG" for systematic committing acts incompatible with belonging to USSR citizenship and damaging the USSR ".

By presidential decree of 1990, the citizenship of the playwright and his family was returned. In addition, in the autumn of the same year the whole country again remembered the Nobel Prize of Solzhenitsyn. Published in the "Komsomolskaya Pravda" his program article on the capitalist development of Russia was positively received by the public. A few months later, Solzhenitsyn was awarded the State Prize for the GULAG Archipelago, published in France in 1973. Soon all the works published outside of Russia were published in the writer's homeland, and in the mid-90s, together with his wife and sons, returned home, immediately taking active part in public activities.

Solzhenitsyn's Return to Social Activity in the 1990s

The owner of the Nobel Prize, Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn, became for the Russian people the personification of a democratic force, a supporter of building a new, anti-communist state. Surprisingly, the writer received a variety of proposals, up to running for the presidency.

Meanwhile, Solzhenitsyn's public speeches demonstrated the unclaimedness of his past ideas in society. Being a living representative of a different era, a classic of national literature and at the same time a denouncer of the anti-human Stalinist regime, Alexander Isaevich put forward ideas that irretrievably moved away from the realities of our time, remaining a tragic page of Russian history in the past.

Criticism of the last work of the Nobel laureate

A striking example of the discrepancy between Solzhenitsyn's work and the present time, according to critics, is the book "Two hundred years together". The work was published in 2001. But the result of ten years of painstaking work by the author simply shocked representatives of the scientific and historical sphere. The writer's intention - the history of the Jewish people in Russia - caused a stupor. The work caused a flurry of perplexity and indignation of critics - why did Solzhenitsyn again raise the already problematic topic of relations between the two peoples?

Opinions on Solzhenitsyn's work were divided, and therefore some considered the work a masterpiece, a real manifesto of the Russian national idea, while others expressed ambiguous assessments to the author's work, saying that the writer almost praises the Jews, but it would be necessary to write about them more harshly. Someone even considered the work from a number of frankly anti-Semitic short stories. Solzhenitsyn himself repeatedly stressed the maximum objectivity and impartiality of the illuminated topic.

Summarizing: the importance of Solzhenitsyn's work in world literature

To judge the author's creative approach, it is too early to look for the positive and negative aspects of his book - the publication is not completed. But, judging by everything, the relevance of the topic of this work will cause more than one wave of discussions and discussions.

For Alexander Solzhenitsyn, the Nobel Prize did not become a merit of all life. The writer took a worthy place in the history of Russian and world literature, promoting to the masses thoughts about the true state of affairs in the country, engaging in publicism and social work. Most of the author's works were produced in multi-million copies both in Russia and abroad. "The Gulag Archipelago", "In the First Circle", "Cancer Corps" and many other works became the embodiment of the playwright's worldview, which had a lot of difficult life tests.

Remember, you can not forget!

The great writer passed away in August 2008. The cause of death of 89-year-old Solzhenitsyn was acute heart failure. On the day of his farewell to the playwright, D. Medvedev issued a decree, implying the perpetuation of the memory of a public figure and a writer. In accordance with the presidential decision, Solzhenitsyn's personal scholarships were established for the best students of Russian universities, one of the capital's streets now also bears the name in honor of Alexander Isayevich, and in Rostov-on-Don and Kislovodsk there are monuments and memorial plaques.

Today, some of Solzhenitsyn's works are included in the mandatory minimum of the general educational program on Russian literature. Schoolchildren read the story "One Day of Ivan Denisovich", the story "Matrenin Dvor", the biography of the writer is studied in history lessons, and since 2009 the list of works of art recommended for reading has been supplemented with the "Gulag Archipelago". True, schoolchildren read the incomplete version of the novel - by cutting the work several times, Solzhenitsyn's widow retained his structure and personally prepared it for publication.