Agapurin: instructions for use, reviews

What is Agapurin medicament? Instructions for use, the form of release and the composition of this tool will be presented below. In addition, from this article you will learn about the cases in which this medicine is prescribed, when it is strictly forbidden to use it, whether it has side effects and so on.

Composition and form of the drug

Is there an international name for the drug Agapurin? Pentoxifylline is its second name.

Currently, this medication is available in two different forms:

1. The tablets are biconvex, covered with a coat (white) and having a glossy luster. This medicine contains the active ingredient pentoxifylline and additional substances (lactose monohydrate, corn starch, silicic anhydrous colloid, talc and magnesium stearate). As for the shell, it includes elements such as sodium carmellose, sucrose crystalline, sucrose powder, talc, methylparaben, titanium dioxide, silicon anhydrous colloid and acacia gum.
2. The solution (clear, colorless), intended for injection. This medication includes pentoxifylline, sodium chloride and water for injection.

I would also like to say that in pharmacy chains you can also find such an analog drug as "Agapurin Retard". The instruction of this medicine says that it is a means of prolonged action. It is produced in tablets, which are covered with a film membrane. This medicine contains pentoxifylline and additional elements such as hypromellose, povidone, talcum and magnesium stearate.

Pharmacological properties

What is Agapurin? Instruction for use asserts that this remedy is an antispasmodic and belongs to a group of purines. It significantly improves blood microcirculation, as well as its rheological properties. The principle of action of this drug is the inhibition of phosphodiesterase and an increase in the content of ATP in erythrocytes and cAMP in platelets with a one-time saturation of the energy potential. As a result, there is vasodilation and a decrease in the overall vascular resistance (peripheral), as well as an increase in the minute and shock volume of the blood without a significant change in heart rate.

Mechanism of action of the drug

What is the mechanism of action of the drug "Agapurin"? Instruction for use gives an exhaustive answer to the question posed. After using the medicine, coronary arteries expand, and then oxygen delivery to the lungs and myocardium increases, an antianginal effect appears and oxygenation of the blood improves.

It should also be noted that the presented drug is able to increase the tone of the respiratory muscles, in particular, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles.

With intravenous injections, it leads to increased collateral circulation, as well as an increase in the volume of blood flowing through the 1-цу section. In addition, this drug leads to an increase in the content of adenosine triphosphate in the brain and has a beneficial effect on the bioelectric activity of the nervous system.

According to the instruction, this medicine can reduce blood viscosity, increase the elasticity of erythrocyte membranes and improve microcirculation in the case of impaired blood circulation.

What features does the "Agapurin" medication have? The instruction for use says that with occlusive lesions of the arteries (peripheral) this preparation is capable of leading to the elimination of nocturnal cramps in the gastrocnemius muscles, an elongation of the walking distance and painful sensations at rest.

Pharmacokinetics

The medicine "Agapurin" is rapidly metabolized in the liver. At the same time, active metabolites are formed. Their concentration in the blood is several times higher than the concentration of the basic substance.

The presented medication is presented in the form of metabolites in a volume of 94%, and the remainder - through the intestine. During the first 4 hours after taking the drug comes out in an amount of 90% of the used dosage. In unmodified form it is deduced in the volume of 2%. It should also be noted that the active substance pentoxifylline and metabolites do not bind to blood proteins.

In the case of impaired renal function, the yield of metabolites slows down. With deviations in liver function, lengthening of the half-life, as well as an increase in bioavailability, is observed.

The preparation "Agapurin" (tablets): instructions for use

According to the instructions attached to the medication, it must be taken at the same time of day after eating, with ordinary water. The drug should never be chewed.

The initial dosage of the drug is 200 mg three times a day. If the patient is to have a long therapy or if he has a poor tolerance of the drug, the single dose can be reduced exactly by two times, but at the same time the number of receptions should be kept.

The daily dosage of the drug should not be more than 1200 mg.

Now you know how to use the drug "Agapurin" (tablets). The instruction for the use of a similar agent with a prolonged action contains information on the same dosages. However, when it is used, a decrease in the reception frequency is possible.

Instructions for the use of injection solution

How to apply Agapurin medication? Tablets are prescribed by doctors more often than solutions for injections. If, for any reason, the patient can not take the medicine orally, he receives injections.

This preparation, which is available in the form of an injection solution, can be administered by one of the following methods:

1. Intravenously. The contents of the ampoule must be diluted in a 5% solution of glucose or in 250-500 ml of sodium chloride solution (0.9%). Medication should be administered slowly, not more than 150 ml per hour. If the patient tolerates the drug well, then the daily dose can be increased to two ampoules, that is, 200 mg.
2. Intramuscularly. The drug is administered 100 mg twice a day. The contents of the ampoule should not be diluted.
3. Intraarterial. Treatment of the patient should start with the introduction of one ampoule, which should be previously diluted in 20-50 ml of isotonic sodium chloride. If long-term therapy is required, the dosage can be increased to 2-3 ampoules. They need to dilute 30-50 ml of the solution.

It should be specially noted that the optimal amount of the medication presented is determined only by the doctor and only during the individual consultation of the patient.

Medication "Agapurin": indications for use

Before using this medication, you should consult a doctor and get a checkup. After all, the medication is prescribed only with certain deviations. We will discuss them further.

1. Trophic tissue disorders that have arisen against a background of poor venous or arterial microcirculation (eg, gangrene, varicose ulcers, frostbites, etc.).
2. Violation of the circulation (peripheral), which was formed due to inflammatory, atherosclerotic and diabetic processes. Also, the medication is prescribed for "intermittent" lameness, which is caused by atherosclerosis, obliterating endarteritis and diabetic angiopathy.
3. Chronic and acute disturbance of cerebral circulation, which has ischemic origin. Also, the drug is used for cerebral atherosclerosis, paresthesia, angioneuropathy, Raynaud's disease and acrocyanosis.
4. Disorders of blood circulation in the vessels of the visual organs (with acute and chronic circulatory insufficiency of the vascular and reticular membranes of the eyes).
5. Conditions that arose after an ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke.
6. Disorders of the work of the middle ear of vascular origin, which are accompanied by deafness.

Contraindications to use

When you can not use the medicine "Agapurin"? The use of this drug is prohibited under the following conditions and abnormalities:

• Acute myocardial infarction;
• Expressed coronary or cerebral atherosclerosis;
• Marked violation of the rhythm of the heart;
• Porphyria;
• Uncontrolled arterial hypotension;
• Massive bleeding;
• Acute hemorrhagic stroke;
• Hemorrhage in the retina of the eye;
• Pregnancy, breast-feeding;
• Age under 18 years (safety and efficacy of the drug have not been established);
• Hypersensitivity to pentoxifylline, as well as elements from the group of xanthine derivatives.

Ostrozhny use of medicament

With special care, this tool should be used in patients with a tendency to arterial hypotension, labile arterial pressure, heart failure (chronic), a tendency to hemorrhage, renal and hepatic insufficiency, and also in a state after surgery.

Adverse events

Are there any side effects of Agapurin medication? Tablets, the instruction of which is presented above, as well as solution for injection can cause a number of negative consequences. Let us consider them in more detail.

• Digestive system: cholestatic hepatitis, intestinal atony, exacerbation of cholecystitis, dry mouth and decreased appetite.
• Nervous system: anxiety, sleep disturbance, dizziness, convulsions and headaches.
• Blood vessels and skin: puffiness, brittle nails, hyperemia of the skin of the face, blood flow to the upper chest and face.
• Cardiovascular system: arrhythmia, cardialgia, angina progression, tachycardia and lowering of arterial pressure.
• Organs of hematopoiesis and hemostasis system: thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, pancytopenia, hypofibrinogenemia, bleeding from the intestine, stomach, subcutaneous capillaries and mucous membranes.
• Organs of the senses: impaired vision and scotoma.
• Allergic reactions: itching, hives, angioedema and anaphylactic shock.

Cases of overdose

What will happen if you use Agapurin (400 mg, 600 mg, 1200 mg) in large doses? In this case, the patient may experience pathological signs such as weakness, marked lowering of blood pressure, dizziness, tachycardia, fainting, drowsiness, tonic-clonic convulsions, loss of consciousness, hyperthermia, increased nervous excitability, symptoms of gastrointestinal bleeding (eg, vomiting " Coffee grounds ") and areflexion.

In this case, urgent symptomatic treatment is required, which is aimed at maintaining normal blood pressure and respiratory function.

Special instructions for the use of the medicinal product

What do I need to know before using Agapurin? The doctors' comments say that this medicine is coping well with the task, but they need to be treated under the strict control of blood pressure. In patients with heart failure (chronic), blood circulation compensation is required.

It should also be noted that in patients with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus taking a hypoglycemic drug, the use of this drug in large doses causes severe hypoglycemia. Therefore, they need a dose adjustment.

When using the medication with anticoagulants at the same time, the blood coagulation system should be carefully monitored.

In patients who have recently undergone surgical interventions, it is required to constantly monitor the concentration of hematocrit and hemoglobin.

The administered dosage should be reduced in patients with unstable or low blood pressure.

Elderly people may need a reduced dose of the drug.

According to studies, smoking significantly lowers the therapeutic effectiveness of the drug.

The compatibility of pentoxifylline with other infusion solutions must be checked in each case.

Interaction with other means

The active substance pentoxifylline often enhances the effect of the agents that affect the blood coagulation system. Such drugs include direct and indirect anticoagulants, valproic acid, thrombolytics, as well as anitibiotics (for example, medicines "Cefamandol", "Cefoperazone", "Cefotetan").

This means increases the effectiveness of antihypertensive and oral hypoglycemic drugs, as well as insulin.

One can not help saying that the drug "Cimetidine" significantly increases the concentration of pentoxifylline in the blood. This increases the risk of side effects.

The joint administration of the drug "Agapurin", the reviews of which are presented below, with other xanthines leads to excessive nervous excitement.

Methods of storing the drug, reviews about it, the price

The drug "Agapurin" is sold in almost every pharmacy. You can buy 60 tablets (100 mg) on average only 250 Russian rubles.

Patients' comments about this medication are mostly positive. That's why it is more often than other drugs prescribed to patients who have problems with blood vessels.

It should also be noted that the "Agapurin" medication in bodybuilding is quite popular. Reviews of bodybuilders say that this tool should be considered separately from other drugs that help improve blood flow. After all, it is the most effective and at the same time inexpensive.

This medication is convenient for athletes, since it is produced not only as a solution for injections, but also in tablet form. In pharmacies, this remedy can be found under other names that sound like "Pentoxifylline" or "Trental".

The main goal of the presented drug is an increase in the tone of blood vessels, a decrease in blood viscosity and an increase in blood flow. All this is an excellent way to achieve pumping in sports training, when there is a feeling of a strong pumping of the working muscle.

Use this medication by experienced bodybuilders should be extremely cautious, since it can easily cause an overdose and a number of side effects.

Store "Agapurin" preferably in a dark and dry place, where there is no access for young children. At the same time, the storage temperature of this preparation is only 10-15 degrees. Its shelf life is indicated on the packaging and is equal to two years. After this period, use of medicines is prohibited.

In conclusion, once again, we should note that one should not prescribe a prescription for this medication. The duration of the course of treatment and the dosage should be determined by the physician for the particular patient.