Adrenaline hydrochloride: instructions for use, description of the preparation

Acute reduction of blood pressure due to allergies, drug overdoses or other causes can lead to irreversible effects in the body and even to death. To date, in medical practice, adrenaline hydrochloride is used to remove the patient from this condition. It, depending on the complexity of the situation, is administered to patients subcutaneously, intramuscularly or intravenously, and in the most severe cases - intracardiac.

pharmachologic effect

The main effect of the drug is directly related to the effect on a- and b-adrenergic receptors, and in many respects it is similar to the effects of excitation of nerve fibers. With the introduction of adrenaline in the body, hydrochloride helps to narrow the vessels of all the organs of the abdominal cavity and partially the skeletal muscles. Due to such a decrease in the lumen in the blood channels, the blood pressure rises.

However, it is worth noting that the effect of adrenaline on the body, due to the effect on b-adrenergic receptors, is less constant than norepinephrine. At the same time, the nature of changes in cardiac activity is very complicated. Indeed, stimulation of adrenoreceptors contributes to the increase and intensification of cardiac contractions, and at the same time, when the arterial pressure rises, the center of the vagus nerves is excited, which inhibits the function of the heart. That is why with hypoxia, the administration of the drug may trigger an arrhythmia.

In addition, the drug causes the pupils to dilate, relax the muscles of the intestines and bronchi. It is proved that in patients there is an acceleration of tissue metabolism, and the blood glucose level is increased after the administration of one dose of such a drug as adrenaline hydrochloride. The instructions for use also contain information that the medication restores the functional abilities of skeletal muscle tissue, including when overfatigue.

As for the central nervous system, the therapeutic dose of the drug, as a rule, does not have a pronounced effect on it.

Who is shown the drug?

Use adrenaline hydrochloride with a sharp decrease in blood pressure (in medicine, this state of the patient is called collapse). Such a crisis can arise in a person due to overdose by medicines, insect bites and acute allergic reactions.

Another indication for the use of the drug is hypoglycemia, which occurs when an insulin overdose. In this state, the patient rapidly decreases not only the blood pressure index, but also the blood sugar level.

In ophthalmology, the drug is prescribed for patients with increased intraocular pressure (glaucoma). In otorhinolaryngological practice, it is used as a vasoconstrictor.

In addition to the above indications, epinephrine hydrochloride is administered to patients with ventricular fibrillation.

Dosing system and method of use

Depending on the disease and its severity, the drug can be shown to the patient subcutaneously, intramuscularly and intravenously. In this case, a 0.1% solution is used in 0.2 / 0.3 / 0.5 or 1 ml. Patients with acute cardiac arrest are given 1 ml of the drug, the same dosage is used for ventricular fibrillation. It is worth noting that the dosing scheme is chosen exclusively by the doctor for each specific case.

In ophthalmology, to achieve local vasoconstrictive action of adrenaline hydrochloride is applied to the mucous membranes of the eyes.

Attacks of bronchial asthma are stopped by subcutaneous injection of 0.3-0.5-0.7 ml. But as for the therapeutic doses of solutions of epinephrine for parenteral use, then, as a rule, they make up 0.3-0.5-0.75 ml for adult patients. When necessary to use this medication, children, depending on the age, are administered 0.1-0.5 ml.

Structure of the medicine

Epinephrine hydrochloride in pure form is a slightly pinkish or white crystalline powder. Under the influence of oxygen and light, it is able to change. However, in this form the drug does not reach the consumer. Before it can be used in medical practice, in aseptic conditions in pharmaceutical plants it is diluted with a solution of hydrochloric acid. As preservatives, pharmacists use sodium metabisulphite and chlorobutanol.

Only after that in pharmacies patients can get a solution of epinephrine hydrochloride, fully ready for use.

Form of the preparation

To date, this drug is available to the consumer only in the form of a 0.1% solution, which is available in vials and ampoules. The volume of the first is 30 ml, but the second - only 1 ml. Ampoules of 6 pcs. Packaged in cardboard tutus.

In appearance, the solution resembles a completely clear liquid without sediment and various undissolved elements.

Who is contraindicated with the drug?

If we consider that the main indication for the use of the drug is an increase in blood pressure due to the narrowing of the blood vessels, it is logical that it can not be categorically applied to patients with arterial hypertension. Also, the remedy is categorically forbidden at expressed atherosclerosis, thyrotoxicosis and diabetes, because the pharmacological action of this medication can not only worsen the above-mentioned ailments, but also lead to the most dangerous consequences. For example, myocardial infarction, stroke and others.

Do not use adrenaline hydrochloride and during surgery, with anesthesia with cyclopropane or fluorotane.

It should also be noted that this drug is strictly prohibited during pregnancy and lactation. And in combination with the medicine "Oxytocin" the medicine leads to an increase in intoxication.

Side effects

Despite the fact that with many ailments the drug can save a patient's life, with the same probability it can also hurt, if you do not take into account the individual characteristics of the patient or exceed the permissible dosage.

So, even with the proper use of the medicine, a person can feel dizzy, fearful, shaking, anxious, and general weakness. In addition, the patient after the introduction of the drug can be observed pallor of the skin (due to the narrowing of blood vessels), sweating and a short-term increase in blood pressure. However, this side symptomatology, in view of its short duration, does not require medical correction or complete withdrawal of the medicine.

Those who are shown adrenaline hydrochloride, instructions for use warns about the possible development of violations of the heart rhythm, tachycardia, a sharp increase in blood pressure. In patients with ischemic heart disease who use the drug, the risk of angina attacks increases.

Overdose

Everyone knows that medicine medicine involves using in a clear dosage and only as directed by a doctor. Otherwise, the patient's health is in great danger. And adrenaline hydrochloride is no exception.

If the permissible dosage of the solution is exceeded (even with subcutaneous injection), the patient develops mydriasis immediately and the arterial pressure rises rapidly. In addition, the heart rate is significantly accelerated, which in some cases can change into ventricular fibrillation. And if the patient sharply increases the hydrostatic pressure in the smallest vessels of the small circle and the permeability of the capillary wall, the edema of the lung tissue may develop.

How to block the negative effects of the drug?

They struggle with a number of unfavorable actions of adrenaline with the help of antagonistic α- and β-adrenoblockers. These include the drugs "Anaprilin", "Tropafen", "Fentolamin", etc. Often doctors use the high-speed nitrites to remove the effects of adrenaline. However, the use of the above medicinal groups is only permissible for mild manifestations of a number of side effects such as adrenaline hydrochloride (formula formula: 1-1- (3,4-dioxyphenyl) -2-methylaminoethanol hydrochloride).

If the patient has more severe complications with this medication, such as ventricular fibrillation or extensive pulmonary edema, the use of high-speed nitrites and various adrenoblockers is not enough. To save patients in such cases, doctors conduct appropriate complex therapy, which can include even electrical defibrillation of the heart.

Conditions for dispensing a drug

It is logical that the medicine on the basis of adrenaline prohibits free sale to the end user. After self-medication with these agents can lead to a mass of negative consequences even with a strict observance of the dosing system. In addition, in some patients with the administration of a small amount of adrenaline hydrochloride (the instruction indicates this), an acute allergic reaction may develop.

Therefore, before going to a pharmacy for this medication, you should consult a doctor who will write out the prescription. This document, which contains information on the amount and dosage of the drug, should be presented to the pharmacist when buying a medication.

Drug Interactions

Every doctor knows that the use of adrenaline with various symptoms is strictly prohibited. After all, this combination has an additive effect and leads to intoxication.

Do not use this drug and for the treatment of patients who take sleeping pills and narcotic analgesics. In addition, allergy sufferers who systemically use antihistamines, any doctor will also refuse to prescribe a prescription. Adrenaline hydrochloride in this case is not only dangerous for health - it can easily become a cause of death.

Do not mix the drug with inhalation anesthesia, as this can lead to the development of complex heart disease in the patient.

Drug analogues

Due to the fact that scientists do not stop on the achieved results and continue to work on the creation of new medicines, the means of adrenaline hydrochloride for today already have an impressive list of analogues. However, the choice of medication, similar to the action with adrenaline, is performed solely by the attending physician. In this case, the specialist is guided not only by the form and severity of the patient's ailment, but also takes into account his individual characteristics.

The doctor can replace adrenaline hydrochloride with medications such as Epinifrin, Tonogen, Glaucosan, Adrenaline Hydrochloride, Suprarenalin, Epinephrine Hydrochloride, Levorenin, Eppy, Renostypticin, Supragenin , "Glaucon", "Epirenan", "Adrenamine", "Hyperphrine", "Styptyrenal", "Paranephrine", "Glauconin", etc.

Despite the impressive list of analogs, you do not need to think that they can be bought freely at the pharmacy. Acquiring adrenaline hydrochloride, a prescription in Latin will be required to show the pharmacist. The same is required if you want to purchase any of the above medicines.