Adjective in comparative degree in English and other ways of comparing

Adjectives and adverbs in English have three degrees of comparison: positive, comparative and excellent. In the comparative, they indicate the gradation of the attribute, attaching '-er'. If the ending is '-e', then only '-r' remains attached. In excellent, they indicate the "apogee" of the trait, its maximum manifestation, in comparison with a group of similar objects, attaching the '-est'. Or, as in the previous case, if there is already an `-e 'at the end, only` -st' is appended. If the word ends with '-y', it changes to '-i'.

When the last letter of a single syllable with a single vowel of the adjective or adverb turns out to be a consonant, when the degree is formed with the help of the affixes '-er' and '-est', it doubles. To the polysyllabic adjectives and adverbs, instead of the ending, the prefixes are added: more for comparison and most for superiority.

Some words form degrees of comparison with different roots, for example, good-> better-> the best, and others can take both the ending and the prefix (not at the same time): simple-> simpler-> simplest; Simple-> more simple-> the most simple.

The rules by which the degree of comparison of adverbs and adjectives in English form (table).

View	Comparative Art.	An excellent art.
One syllable Light	... + '-er'	... + '-est'
One syllable, with '-e' at the end Close	... + '-r'	... + '-st'
One syllable, with a single vowel and a consonant at the end Hot	... + concord-double + '-er'	... + comp. -double + '- est'
Two syllables, with '-y' on the end Heavy	... ('-y' -> '-i') + '-er'	... ('-y' -> '-i') + '-est'
Two or more syllables, adverbs for '-ly' Seriously	More + ...	Most + ...
Two syllables, polymorphic Pleasant	... + '-er' or More + ...	... + '-est' or Most + ...

A positive degree is simply a sign. Although there are words that in themselves mean something small, for example, short / short, or large - long / long. In a comparative degree, they will describe accordingly something smaller or larger, and in excellent - as small or as large as possible.

Other ways of comparison

Adjective in comparative degree in English is not the only way to compare things. There are various turns with which you can not only compare objects (abstract concepts), but also relate them to each other. In addition, the comparison of adjectives in the English language for the most part indicates differences. How can we emphasize the similarity?

As ... as

To relate objects or characters that have some common features, you can use the as ... as trade. After the first as it is told, by what kind of feature they are similar. The attribute is expressed either as an adjective (the degrees of adjectives in English with this turnover are not used), or by an adverb, standing in a positive degree. After the second as an object or group of objects with which there is a similarity is revealed. It can be both a physical object and an abstract concept. An object (several objects) is expressed using a noun group, circumstance, or subordinate clause.

You're as bad as your sister. / You're as bad as your sister.

The airport was as crowded as ever. / The airport was also packed with people, as always.

I am as good as she is. / I'm as good as she is.

Let's check it as carefully as we can. / Let's check it as carefully as we can.

Accordingly, if you want to draw the opposite parallel, that is, say that some objects (groups of objects) have no common, you can also take the rotation as ... as, or so ... as, to which the particle not is added.

The food was not as good as yesterday. / The food was not as good as yesterday.

They are not as clever as they appear to be. / They are not as smart as they might seem.

He is not so old as I thought. / He's not as old as I thought.

To clarify the degree of coincidence or discrepancy, an adverb may be placed before circulation (this does not mean that an adjective is used in comparative terms). In English there are a number of adverbs that can arise before as ... as, for example, almost, just, nearly and quite.

She is almost as fast as her sister. / She's almost as fast as her sister.

Jack was just as pale as one minute ago. / Jack was exactly the same pale as a minute ago.

She was nearly as tall as he was. / She was almost as tall as him.

Similarly, with the previous scheme, a negative particle not is substituted for the negative comparison to the added adverb.

The thing is not nearly as complicated as it sounds. / It's not that hard as it sounds.

The room was not quite as neat as they expected. / The room was not generally as neat as they expected.

The same

If you are talking about an object that has a very great similarity with or is identical to some other object, you can use the same kind of revolution, followed by either a noun group, or circumstances, or a subordinate clause.

Her dress is the same as mine. Her dress is the same as mine.

Oh, of course, they had said the same as a week ago. / Oh, of course, they said the same thing as a week ago.

She looked the same as she did yesterday. / She looked the same as yesterday.

If you talk about similar or identical things at the same time, you can use them as a subject and omit as, getting the same.

Kid fashions are the same all over the country. / Baby styles are the same all over the country.

The initial stage of learning is usually the same for many students. / The initial stage of learning a language is usually the same for many students.

And before the same as, and before the same admissible use of adverbs, such as almost, exactly, just.

She did exactly the same as Miriam did. / She did exactly the same thing, and Miriam.

You both look almost the same. / You both look almost the same.

In the case when immediately after the turn of the same goes a group of nouns, the substitution as is not fundamental, it can be omitted.

We reached just the same height. / We have reached the same height.

The was painted the same color as the stairs. / The walls were painted in the same color as the staircase.

Like

To compare similar concepts, the adjective is not suitable in a comparative degree. In English, there is another way to compare this - to combine verbs-bundles, like be, feel, look or seem with the word like at the beginning of the phrase.

It was like a dream. / It was like a dream.

But we still feel like a children. / But we still feel like children.

She looked like an actress. / She looked like an actress.

All houses in the village. / All the houses in the settlement looked like mansions.

In this case, you can put some adverbs before like. For example, a bit, a little, exactly, very.

It looks just like another turn. / It looked like another turn.

Of all students, he was the one most like me. / Of all the students he is most like me.

When a pronoun with as or like is a pronoun, it must be used in the object or possessive case.

He was a clever as Jane. / He was just as smart as Jane.

That car is the same as in the park. / This is the same machine as in the park.

Less and least

There is also a comparative structure that is opposite in meaning to the more and most power particles, which express the degrees of adjectives in the English language. These separate consoles are used in the original only with multi-part adjectives and adverbs and show gradation, or absolute advantage. Accordingly, less inverts the adjective in comparative degree in English, and least in the excellent one.

Maby, he was less fortunate than me. / Perhaps he was less fortunate than me.

/ And what if she was least of all trained from the hired?

Michael saw her less often than he used to. / Michael saw her less often than usual.

Thus, in English you can:

1) describe an object or action by means of a characteristic;

2) compare;

3) isolate from a number of similar ones.

In addition, one can say about their relative identity / non-identity using such turns as as ... as, the same and like.