Separate applications

One of the important topics in Russian concerning punctuation is called "Separation of applications". In order to deal with this complex issue, it is first necessary to define what should be understood by the term "application" as applied to the Russian language.

First of all, it should be understood that the application is a definition. But it is expressed either as a noun that characterizes an object on the other hand, giving it a different name or indicating a nationality, profession, title or determining the degree of kinship (as opposed to a customary definition expressed by an adjective, participle or qualitative numeral) or an expression consisting of A few words. A single noun application should be used in the same case and number as the noun, which it defines and supplements.

An example is the previous sentence with the separation "noun" or such a sentence with a separate application:

Domishko (etc., singular), a miserable hovel (IM, singular), hunched under a thatched roof, gloomily glanced at the world with his half-blind windows.

By the way, we should pay attention to the fact that in a sentence with a single application, both the words - both the specified and the application - the nouns in common, between which a hyphen is placed. This is one of the basic rules that explains the isolation of applications expressed by a single common noun.

If one of the nouns is expressed by a proper name, then only when the proper name is before the common noun, the hyphen is required. For example:

The Moscow River smoothly carried its waters past us, slyly winking sunlight.

Here the hyphen is absent, since the proper name is used after the common noun.

Moscow River smoothly carried its waters past us, slyly winking sunlight.

Moscow-river requires a statement between the words of the hyphen, because the proper name of " Moscow " is before the appendix, expressed by the name common.

Always separate comma separated definitions and applications that refer to a personal pronoun, regardless of their position - before or after the pronoun. For example:

I, a young citizen of Russia, joining the ranks of the detachment "Young Firefighters", I swear to comply with the regulations of the detachment.

Tired, they quietly entered the warm hut.

A few other rules are subject to isolation of applications that do not refer to pronouns. The location of the application plays an important role here. For example:

The mystery, bloody and terrible, went with her to the grave.

(Wed Bloody and terrible secret and left with her in the grave.)

From the examples we see that the isolation of applications takes place only if the application is located behind the specified word (Mystery, bloody and terrible, ...). If it is in front of the main word, then there is no need to put any punctuation marks on it (an example is the sentence with a note "Avg.")

A common application, which includes a noun, is detached in any case, regardless of its location, and in the event that it determines or specifies the common noun. For example:

My sister, a beauty with long braids up to the waist, was a simple girl and sociable.

(Wed Beauty with long braids up to the waist, my sister was a simple girl and sociable).

It should be noted that in some cases, when the author wishes to make the application at the end of the sentence more important, it is separated using a dash rather than a comma.

So the month comes to the end of November, the last month before childbirth.

There is one more feature of the statement of signs when separating, which should be taken into account when writing. This applies to applications with "how" unions. If this union can be replaced with the phrase "in quality", then signs should not be put with the application. For example:

Classmates as potential suitors girls were not considered in principle.

If you treat applications with due attention, then avoiding mistakes when placing punctuation marks with them is quite realistic.