Accelerator is what? Accelerator position sensor

In the process of using cars for car enthusiasts there can be a variety of problems. Especially unpleasant, if due to these problems, you lose the opportunity to ride the car. Sometimes the accelerator delivers serious difficulties. This device, which is responsible for supplying the combustible mixture to the combustion chamber. It is very important to know his device, as well as the principle of operation. There are mechanical accelerators and systems with electronic drive.

Modern cars have not been equipped with mechanical systems for a long time. All of them are replaced by electric accelerators. What does this give to car owners? Electronic accelerator - it's easier to drive. This is a big plus. There is also a minus - the owner of the car can not make any decisions, but more precisely, he constantly adjusts the characteristics to his own requirements. It turns out that you can not always get the desired mode of the engine.

For inexperienced drivers, such a system provides a huge number of benefits. This is a safer ride. However, for more experienced motorists, the electronics are not enough for a comfortable ride.

Principle of operation of the accelerator

A mechanical accelerator is a drive that shifts the throttle. So the car adds in speed. Since the drive is mechanical, the process takes place in several stages. The driver of the car presses on the pedal, being in the salon of his car. Through traction, the force from the pedal is given directly to the throttle. Then the flap moves.

Neither the mechanical system nor the electronic system can interfere and affect the position of the throttle valve as you like. In order to influence acceleration and dynamic characteristics, it is required to change the engine torque. But there is an impact on the process of fuel injection and ignition. So, electronic systems can regulate the engine's operating modes only at idle or in cruise control mode.

As for the electronic accelerator, the principle of operation is the same. One nuance is that between the gas pedal and the damper itself there is a control unit that regulates the behavior of the engine.

The workflow here also occurs in stages. The driver of the car presses the pedal. At this time, the accelerator pedal sensor collects and transmits information about the angle and force of pressing the computer. Next, the computer calculates which angle at this moment will be optimal for opening the throttle, and gives this information to the drive. The drive is also completely electronic, and it just follows the directions.

The electronic unit can make decisions about switching to more economical modes or to increase the characteristics of traffic safety. This is taken into account, calculated and turned on by the computer due to the opening of the damper. The driver can not completely influence his car, since the computer and the accelerator sensor took most of the responsibility. Even if the driver does not touch the pedal, the unit can still change the performance of the motor by opening or closing the throttle.

How the accelerator works

Many beginners are interested in why this device is called an accelerator, because it is a gas pedal. It's simple. The accelerator pedal is just part of the big gear. The word itself is translated as "acceleration". And you need to understand that this means a special damper, which is responsible for supplying the fuel-air mixture to the engine cylinders. The wider the throttle valve is open, the greater the pressure in the combustion chambers and the faster the pistons will move. Pistons transmit the force to the crankshaft, and then the energy of its rotation goes to the transmission. When the driver switches gears, he controls the speed of the wheels of the car. All these processes together drive the car into motion.

Carburetor and injector

And on the injector engine, and the carburetor accelerator works almost identically. The difference is quite small. And the difference is in the way the fuel mixture is fed. The carburetor is nothing more than one of the nodes of the fuel system where a combustible mixture is being prepared. The driver, by pressing the accelerator pedal, controls, and also regulates the volume of the mixture supply to the cylinder block.

On the injection engines, the difference is that this is a whole injection system. Volumes of fuel supply to each cylinder are regulated by means of injectors. The mixture is fed more precisely. It should be known that the injection system can be distributed or with direct injection.

Diesel engines

Here is a separate injection system. The combustible mixture is injected into the cylinder block constantly. In this control, only the quantity that is supplied to each of the chambers is amenable.

Electronic throttle valve design

Perfect systems consist of a large number of different components. The perfect system has more accuracy. This can be said about modern throttle actuators. The device consists of several systems.

Foot module

This directly pedal and accelerator pedal position sensor . It is he who determines the position of the pedal and gives these data to the computer. This sensor is two variable resistors that measure the resistance depending on the position of the accelerator. He constantly monitors the frequency and amplitude of depression of the pedal and not only monitors the fuel supply, but also is an engine idling sensor .

Accelerator position sensor

The potentiometer consists of a variable and constant resistor with a resistance of about 8 kΩ. One of the pins is live at 5 V. The middle pin informs the sensor, in which position the pedal is located. If the voltage of this signal is less than 0,7 V, then the damper is considered closed, if more than 4 V, then the computer considers the damper to be open.

Control block

The electronic control unit receives signals from the sensors and on the basis of this data recognizes the driver's desire for the speed of the machine. To realize this, a control signal is sent to the damper drive, which, depending on the signal, is closed or opened.

Damper control module

This system provides the necessary air volume for the cylinders. In addition, it also sends information to the computer about the position of the damper at the moment. The system includes angle sensors.

Mechanical Throttle Actuator

These designs are used in domestic cars, as well as in low-cost foreign cars. At the heart of the drive is the accelerator cable. The actuator also consists of pivoting levers. When the driver presses the pedal, the flap rotates to open air. This type of drive also has a manual control system in the form of a cable with braiding and a lever on the carburetor. When the pedal is depressed, the force of the return spring is overcome, which acts on the throttle rods and cable and regulates the throttle. The cross section of the throttle increases, and with it the air supply also increases.

Typical malfunctions

It can be a limited maximum power of the power unit, uneven turns at idle. Also, it is possible to stop the motor when the foot is suddenly released from the pedal. All these are frequent malfunctions of any accelerator.

Competent operation

The electronic accelerator is an intelligent device. There are rules for its use. So, you should not without reason and put a lot of pressure on the pedal. It must be remembered that with each sharp push, a large amount of fuel is consumed. The average flow rate will increase to eight liters. If you want faster speed, the engine will increase the "appetite" 3 times.

So, we found out what an element such as an accelerator is for.