Abutment - what is it? Individual abutment

Not so long ago in dentistry there was a novelty - an abutment. What this is, will help to know this article.

An abutment is a link that connects a dental implant with a denture.

After a few months and six months after this operation, the areas of the intraosseous parts of the implants located under the mucous membrane are determined respectively on the lower and upper jaws using a probe. Specialists above them produce excision of the mucous membrane, twisting the cap and screwing the gingiva former. This construction after a few weeks is replaced by a supporting abutment (titanium head), which protrudes into the oral cavity. The abutment is established only after a reliable and definitive engraftment of the implant.

Principle of operation

The abutment on the implant is screwed, but this procedure is not as quick and painless as it seems. All because after the procedure for installing the implant for its healing, it takes at least 3 months.

There is also a root abutment. What it is, can explain in consultation with a doctor. This is an implant that can perform the same function as the tooth root, and for this there should be a similar location: the root implant needs to be surrounded by a bone tissue, and at the same time it should not protrude from under the gum. Crown part of the tooth at the same time should be above the gum. Just for its installation will require the presence of a "transition link", namely the abutment.

Features & Benefits

1. The abutment with a projection has a height of 2.5 mm.
2. The structure is self-localized.
3. It is possible to compensate for tooth discrepancies up to 40 °.
4. Abutment installation is acceptable for patients with removable dentures.
5. Simplified introduction of the prosthesis, which allows you to reduce the number of repeated consultations and surgical interventions.
6. Can be used in clinical situations, when there is a problem of implantation of implants (the distance is not observed correctly).

Level of pain

During a visit to the dental office, there is often an irresistible desire to return home as soon as possible. Excitement can arise after evaluation of subsequent manipulations. To protect yourself, you need to prepare in advance, in particular, to read about the abutment, what it is, to find out, because this procedure is very long and serious, all possible awkward movements of the patient are undesirable in its conduct.

Dentistry has provided all this, as well as the most basic - the patient's suffering. To prevent them, there is anesthesia, which makes the manipulation of a specialist absolutely painful. There are also painful feelings after the installation, but this is quite a natural phenomenon. After all, the integrity of the body produced surgical intervention, and therefore must undergo the processes of recovery and healing. It is necessary to pay attention to the pain and discomfort only after a week of rehabilitation.

Types of abutments

There are many abutments, but the most common are the gum former, Uni-abutment (standard abutment), ball and angled abutment.

Gum formers are used during the healing of soft tissues, due to which the correct length of the ordinary abutment is made.

The standard (ordinary) abutment has six variants of length, which is measured by the size of the cylindrical vertical part of the implant, and two variants of the angles of the upper cones (45 and 20 °).

Angled abutments provide an angle of inclination from the longitudinal fastening axes. It is equal to 30 °. There are only two length options. The upper cone - with an angle of 20 °, as with a standard abutment. The abutment is a single component without a separate central screw. The installation is much simpler, which allows to guarantee the correct position of the element, as well as the presence of an obstacle for the micro-leakage of the cement slurry from the mouth to the subgingival area.

Individual abutment or standard?

From the name itself you can understand that the first type of abutment is made individually and only in a single copy. It is characterized by a strict form, which is necessary for the particular case. The individual zirconium construction is made strictly in a certain form, which in most cases the central cutter should also have. As a result, the gum is better supported. There is no space deep under the gum for "swamps" of cement.

Most often, standard abtments are titanium, they are installed in the oral cavity. The titanium abutment is in the form of a "cylindrical", the shape of the real tooth is not repeated, nor is the correct shape of the gum supported. In addition, in the process of fixing on such a crown abutment, the cement particles can penetrate into the gap between the gum and it.

Abutments are attached in this way:

1. Screw method: the crown is wound on the abutment. This method of fastening is very convenient there, that it is possible to remove the structure for restoration.
2. Cementing: the prosthesis on the abutment is fixed by means of special cementitious solutions. The convenience of this type of fixation is that aesthetic qualities and comfort in the operation of the structure are increased.

Advantages of an individual abutment

Its most important advantage is complete individuality and anatomy. This is not only an important component of aesthetics, it also helps to prevent cement penetration under the gums during fixation on the crown abutment. This is a very important quality, since the formation of even an inconspicuous cement film between the gum and the standard abutment can cause periimlantitis (bone loss around the implant) after a while.

This is due to the fact that such an ordinary abutment is narrower than the crown itself, so that the fixation of the latter with cement is so that it is literally pressed between the abutment and the gum. This situation is further aggravated by the fact that during the masking of the abutment the doctor has a ledge below the level of the gum for deep penetration of the edge of the crown and complete overlapping of the metal support. This can lead to the inevitable hit of cement in the zones from which it will no longer be possible to obtain. Inflammations in this situation do not occur immediately.

Postoperative care and complications

Special post-operative care is required after the abutment has been successfully installed. What is this - special care?

This period is the main component of rehabilitation. Often this is a bit painful, but only at first. A thorough cleaning with a soft tooth brush will become possible in a few days after the operation. A personal dentist can explain the methods of care, about the abutment, what it is, will recommend additional means of oral hygiene.

You should contact a doctor if:

1. The gum that surrounds the structure, after a week, is still swollen and painful.
2. A liquid is extracted from the gummed pockets around the abutments.
3. Pain does not go away or there is a painful area around any of the implants.

About prices

In the denture market, pricing policy is quite diverse. The average cost of the abutment is from 30 euros and above. This price depends on the materials of execution and the level of their quality, since the device has been staying for many months in an aggressive environment. The abutment should not damage the carrier in any way. Therefore, the price is appropriate. Dentistry today conscientiously approaches the production of this design, so there are no grounds for experiencing.