A short biography of Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov

The article presents the biography of Aksakov, a famous Russian writer. He is known to many as the author of the fairy tale "Scarlet Flower", as well as the creator of the "Family Chronicle", "Notes of the Gun Hunter" and other works.

Biography of Aksakov begins September 20, 1791, when Sergei Timofeevich was born in a city in Ufa. In the family chronicle "Childhood of Bagrov-grandson" the author told about his childhood, and also made a description of his relatives. If you want to get acquainted with the first stage of the life path of a writer like Sergey Aksakov, the biography for children and adults outlined in this work will surely interest you.

Years of study at the gymnasium

ST Aksakov was educated first in the Kazan Gymnasium, and then at the Kazan University. He told about this in his memoirs. Mother was very difficult to part with Sergei, and she nearly cost the life of both her and the writer himself. In 1799 S.T. Aksakov entered the gymnasium. His biography is marked by the fact that soon his mother took him back, because in an impressionable and nervous child loneliness and anguish began to develop a falling disease, as Aksakov himself admitted.

During the year the writer was in the village. However, in 1801 he entered the gymnasium already finally. Aksakov's further biography is connected with this educational institution. Sergei Timofeevich disapproved of the level of teaching in this gymnasium. However, he was highly respected by several teachers. This, for example, Kartashevsky. In 1817, this man married the writer's sister, Natalia Timofeevna. During his studies, Sergei Timofeevich was awarded commendable sheets and other awards.

Studying at Kazan University

In 1805, at the age of 14, Aksakov became a student of the Kazan University, just founded. Part of the gymnasium, where he studied Sergei Timofeevich, was assigned to a new educational institution. Some teachers from her became professors of the university. The students were chosen from among the best students of the gymnasium.

Passing the course of university lectures, at the same time Aksakov continued his education in the gymnasium in some subjects. In the first time the university was not divided into faculties, therefore all 35 first students passed many sciences: logic and higher mathematics, chemistry and anatomy, classical literature and history. In 1709, in March, Aksakov completed his studies. He received a certificate, which listed among other sciences, of which Sergei Timofeevich knew only by hearsay. They did not teach these subjects at the university. During the training, Aksakov had a passion for hunting and theater. These hobbies have been preserved for the rest of his life.

The first works

The first works were written at the age of 14 by ST Aksakov. His biography is marked by an early recognition of his work. In the magazine called "Arcadian cowgirls" was placed the first poem by Sergei Timofeevich. His colleagues tried to imitate the sentimentality of Karamzin and signed with shepherd's names: Amintov, Daphnisov, Irisov, Adonisov and others. Sergei Timofeevich's poem "To the Nightingale" was appreciated by contemporaries. Aksakov, encouraged by this, in 1806 founded, together with Alexander Panaev and Perevozchikov, who later became a well-known mathematician, "The Journal of Our Studies." In it, Aksakov was already an opponent of Karamzin. He became a follower of AS Shishkov. This person created "Discourses on the old and new syllable" and was the initiator of Slavophilism.

Student troupe, moving to Moscow and St. Petersburg

As we have already said, Aksakov was fond of theater. The passion for him prompted him to create a student troupe. In his performances, Sergei Timofeevich acted himself, while showing scenic talent.

Family Aksakov received in 1807 a decent inheritance, which got from Aunt Kuroyedova. Aksakov moved to Moscow, and a year later - to St. Petersburg, so that her daughter was educated in the best educational institutions of the capital. S.T. Aksakov fully mastered at that time a stage hobby. Then he began to work as an interpreter in the commission involved in the drafting of laws, Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov. A brief biography of him was noted at this time and new acquaintances.

New acquaintances

Aksakov wanted to improve in the recitation. This desire led him to get acquainted with Shusherin, a famous actor of the late 19th - early 20th century. The young theatrist spent a lot of free time with this person in conversations about the stage and in the recitations.

S. T. Aksakov acquired other than theatrical acquaintances. He got along with Romanovsky, Labzin and AS Shishkov. With the latter he became very close. This contributed to the declamatory talent Shishkov. Sergei Timofeevich arranged performances in Shishkov's house.

1811-1812

In 1811, Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov decided to leave the work in the commission, whose brief biography was marked by new attempts to find a job for himself, since the previous service did not attract him. First, in 1812, Aksakov left for Moscow. After a while he moved to the village. Here he spent the years of the invasion of Napoleon Bonaparte. Aksakov, along with his father enrolled in the police.

After visiting Moscow for the last time, the writer got acquainted through Shusherin with a number of writers who lived here - Kokoshkin, Ilyin, Shatrov, and others. A little earlier, Aksakov began working on the translation of the tragedy "Filoktet" by Sophocles, performed by Lagarpov. This translation was required for Shusherin's benefit. In 1812, the tragedy was released.

Years after the invasion of the French

In the period from 1814 to 1815 Sergei Timofeevich was in St. Petersburg and Moscow. At this time he got along with Derzhavin. Aksakov created the "Epistle to AI Kaznacheyev" in 1816. It was first published in 1878 in the Russian Archive. In this work, the writer is indignant that the society gallomania of that time did not diminish after the invasion of the French.

Personal life of Aksakov

A brief biography of Aksakov continues his marriage to OS Zaplatin, the daughter of a Suvorov general. Her mother was a Turkish woman, who at the age of 12 was taken prisoner during the siege of Ochakov. The Turkish woman was raised and baptized in Kursk, in the family of Voinov. In 1792, Olga Semenovna, the wife of Aksakov, appeared on the light. At the age of 30 the woman died.

Immediately after the wedding, Sergei Timofeevich went to the fiefdom of Timofei Stepanovich, his father. Here in the following year, the young couple was born to the son of Constantine. Sergei Timofeevich lived in his parents' house for 5 years without leaving home. The addition in the family was annually.

Sergei Timofeevich in 1821 allocated to his son the village of Nadezhino in the Orenburg province. This place is found under the name Parashina in the family chronicle. Before moving there, Aksakov went to Moscow. Here he spent the winter of 1821.

Returning to Moscow, renewal of acquaintances

A brief biography of Aksakov continues in Moscow, where he resumed his acquaintance with the literary and theatrical world. Sergei Timofeevich started a friendship with Pisarev, Zagoskin, Shakhovsky, Kokoshkin, and others. The writer published a translation of the tenth satire of Boileau. For this, Sergei Timofeevich was honored to become a member of the famous "Society of Lovers of Russian Literature".

In 1822, in the summer, Aksakov again went with his family to the Orenburg province. Here he remained without a break until 1826. Aksakov was not allowed to take up his household. His children grew up and needed to be taught. The exit for Aksakov was the return to Moscow to occupy the position here.

Aksakov finally moves to Moscow

In 1826, in August, Sergei Timofeyevich said goodbye to the village forever. From that time until his death, that is, about 30 years, he was only three times, and then a raid, was in Nadezhin.

ST Aksakov, along with six of his children moved to Moscow. He renewed his friendship with Shakhovsky, Pisarev, etc. Biography of Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov was noted at this time by translation works. In 1828, took up the prosaic translation of Moliere's "Mean". And even earlier, in 1819, he described in verse "The School of Husbands" of the same writer.

Work in the Moscow Herald

Aksakov actively defended his comrades from the attacks Field. He persuaded Pogodin, who published the Moscow Herald at the end of the 1820s, to create in the journal Dramatic Supplement, on which Aksakov worked. Sergei Timofeevich with Polevoy also feuded in the pages of Galatea Raich and Pavlova's Athenaeus. In 1829, Sergei Timofeevich read his translation of the eighth satire of Boileau in the Society of Lovers of Russian Literature.

Censor service

After a while, Aksakov suffered enmity with Polevoy on the soil of censorship. In 1827 he became one of the members of the censorship committee of Moscow. Sergei Timofeevich took this post thanks to the patronage of his friend AS Shishkov, who at that time was Minister of Education. Sergei Aksakov served as a censor for about 6 years. At the same time several times he served as chairman of the committee.

Aksakov - school inspector, father's death

Biography of Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov (future years of his life) is represented by the following main events. Aksakov began to work in the boundary school in 1834. Work here continued for six years, until 1839. Aksakov was first an inspector of the school. After a while, when it became a Constantine land surveying institute, he took up the post of its director. Sergei Timofeevich was disappointed in the service. On his health, it influenced very badly. Therefore, in 1839, he decided to retire. In 1837 his father died, leaving a significant inheritance, to which Aksakov also began to live.

New circle of acquaintances

Sergei Timofeevich's circle of acquaintances in the early 1830s changed. Pisarev died, Shakhovskoy and Kokoshkin lost their former influence, Zagoskin maintained a purely personal friendship with Aksakov. Sergei Timofeevich began to fall under the influence of a young university circle, which included Pogodin, Pavlov, Nadezhdin, along with his son Constantine. In addition, he closely matched Gogol (his portrait is presented above) Sergei Aksakov. His biography was marked by an acquaintance with Nikolai Vasilyevich in 1832. Their friendship lasted 20 years, until Gogol's death (March 4, 1852).

Turn in creativity

In 1834 Aksakov published in the almanac "Dennitsa" a short story called "Buran". This work was a turning point in his work. Sergei Aksakov, whose biography has not been marked by the creation of such works up to this time, decided to turn to reality, freeing himself completely from false-classical tastes. Walking along the path of realism, the writer in 1840 began to write "The Family Chronicle." The work was completed in 1846. Excerpts from the work were published in the Moscow collection in 1846.

In the following year, 1847, another work by Aksakov appeared - "Notes on the Fishing of Fish". And a few years later, in 1852 - "Notes of the Gun Hunter". These hunting notes were a great success. The name of Sergei Timofeevich became known throughout the country. His style was recognized as exemplary, and the characteristics of fish, birds and animals - master images. The works of Aksakov were recognized by IS Turgenev, Gogol, and others.

Then Sergei Timofeevich began to create memories of a family and literary nature. In 1856, the Family Chronicle was published, which was a great success. The critics' opinion was divided about this work, which is considered one of the best in the work of Sergei Timofeevich. For example, the Slavophiles (Khomyakov) believed that Aksakov was the first among Russian writers to find positive traits in his contemporary reality. Critics-publicists (for example, Dobrolyubov), on the contrary, found negative characteristics in the Family Chronicle.

In 1858 the continuation of this work was published. It is called "Childhood of Bagrov the Grandson". This work was less successful.

Disease and death

Biography of Sergei Timofeevich Aksakov for children and adults is marked by a serious illness with which he had to fight in recent years. The writer's health was shaken about 12 years before his death. Due to eye disease, he was forced to stay in a dark room for a long time. The writer was not accustomed to sedentary life, his body came into disarray. At the same time, Aksakov lost one eye. The writer's illness began to give him severe suffering in the spring of 1858. However, he tolerated them with patience and firmness. Last summer, Sergei Timofeevich spent at his dacha, located near Moscow. When the disease receded, he dictated new works. This, for example, "Collecting butterflies." The work was published after the death of the writer, at the end of 1859.

A short biography of Sergei Aksakov was marked by a move to Moscow in the autumn of 1858. He spent a lot of suffering the next winter. However, despite this, he was still sometimes engaged in literature. At this time Aksakov created the "Winter Morning", "Natasha", "Meeting with Martinists". Biography of Aksakov ends in 1859, when Sergei Timofeevich died.

Many times Aksakov's works appeared in separate editions. In particular, the "Family Chronicle" survived 4 editions, and "Notes of the Gun Hunter" - as many as 6. And in our time, interest in the life and work of such a writer as S. Aksakov does not fade. Biography for children and adults, presented in this article, only briefly acquaints with his creative heritage. Many of his works were included in the golden fund of Russian literature.