A modern verb form in English. Table of English verb forms

The verb varies depending on how long it is used. The verb tenses in English, as in Russian, are divided into three main categories - the past, the present and the future. They also have such a structure as the future time in the past, used to convey the action that occurs between some particular point of the past and reality, or to describe the intention in the past, supposed to be done in the future - without indication, it happened to the real moment or not.

Also these verb tenses in English are often translated as an awareness of the possibility or expression of the desire for something - / I would ... /. That is, this action should occur simultaneously / should have been / will have to happen, but for some reason it did not happen / does not happen / will not happen.

Time

Verb tenses in English consist of four groups - Indefinite, Continuous, Perfect and Perfect Continuous, for each of which the past, present, future and future are built in the past. In total, 16 possible temporary constructions are obtained, each of which has its own use cases (and for some, not one). In order to denote the temporal forms of the English verb, we shall consider briefly the field of application of these constructions.

Active and passive voice

If the action is performed by the object, the verb is in the active voice and changes according to the time. In a passive voice, the action takes place over the object, and therefore the principles of the formation of the predicate differ. The following diagrams describe how the present-day form of the verb in English is formed in an active voice. In the passive voice, the predicate is formed / to be / in the appropriate form and with the past participle.

Verbs in the past (Past)

Past Indefinite (past usual) is used to express the usual action, without indicating its duration or completeness. The scheme of its formation is as follows: the infinitive of the correct verb with the ending / -ed / or the second kind of the verb form in the English language, formed incorrectly.

Past Continuous is used to refer to something that has lasted in the past. The verb in this time is formed by the service part / to be / in Past Indef. And the present participle (Partic I).

Past Perfect (past completed, Past Perf.) Shows that the action that happened once before is completed. The scheme of formation of this verb looks like / have (Past Indef.) / In combination with the past participle (Partic II).

Past Perfect Continuous (past past Perf., Contin.) Is used to describe an act that lasted a long time before it was completed. It can have a semantic emphasis either on the fact that the action was completed by a certain moment, or at the time of its commission, or on the fact that this action is no longer happening. This verb is made up of a service / be / in the form of Past Perf. And the present participle (Partic I).

Present verbs (Pres.)

Present Indefinite (present conventional, Pres. Indef.) Shows that the action takes place without indicating its duration or completeness (or hypothetical completion possibility). That is, it is an act that has no attributes. Often this time denotes regular actions or general patterns. The education scheme is that the infinitive / to / is not substituted. A modern verb form in the English language in the 3rd person unit. Is supplemented by the ending / -s / -es /.

Present Continuous (present continuous, Pres. Contin.) Transmits a lengthy action that has not come to an end, namely, it considers the process of committing itself. In cases of using this design, you can often see regular actions that are not necessarily committed at this very moment. This verb form consists of / to be (Pres. Indef.) / And Participle I.

Present Perfect (present completed, Pres. Perf.) Considers the finished action having the result to the current moment. It is used in the sense of experience, which is not yet realized / not fully understood by those who say it as a past event. To form this form, the service verb / have / must be put in Pres. Indef. And Partic. II.

Present Perfect Continuous (present continuous, Pres. Perf. Contin.) Considers an action indicating directly that the activity originated in some previous moment and continues to this day, or that the activity is being carried out now And will last until some specific upcoming point. The scheme for the formation of this verb looks like / be (Pres. Perf.) / With the addition of the sacrament in the present tense (Partic I).

Future tenses (F.)

Future Indefinite (the future common, F. Indef.) Expresses an action that has no attributes, supposed, and also expected for fulfillment. Such a verb is obtained by adding to / will / infinitive without / to /.

Future Continuous (future continuing, F. Contin.) Is required to determine the action anticipated for a long-term commitment in the future. This form of the verb is formed according to the following scheme: the service part / be (F. Indef.) / Is put before Partic. I.

Future Perfect (the future completed, F. Perf.) Shows that the action will have a logical conclusion at some future moment. This verb is composed with / will have / and participles in the past tense (Partic II).

Future Perfect Continuous (Future Continuous Continuous, F. Perf. Contin.) Is used to describe an action that is supposed to last in the upcoming time up to a certain moment or, conversely, from a certain moment. Such a design often describes an action made from any specific motives, with a direct or indirect indication of the cause. The formation scheme for such a verb is the service part of / be / in the form of F. Perf. With the addition of Participle I.

Verbs of the future in the past tense (FITP)

Future In The Past Indefinite (the former common past, FITP Indef.) Means that some action should take place, without attributes of completeness or duration. These verbs are formed from the words / should / would / (depending on the person) and the infinitive without / to /.

Future In The Past Continuous (the future in the past continuing, FITP Contin.) Speaks of an action that should have lasted, without the attributes of its completeness. For this verb form, the composition schema looks like / be / in the form of FITP Indef. And the present participle (Partic I).

Future In The Past Perfect (the future in the past completed, FITP Perf.) Explains the action, which should have ended. To compose this verb to / should / would have / add Participle II (for the past time).

Future In The Past Perfect Continuous (the future in the past continues to be completed, FITP Perf. Contin.) Shows that some action should have lasted and ended. The form of this verb is formed by setting the service / be / in FITP Perf. Before Partic. I.

Correct verbs

Correct verbs of English form the past tense by adding the ending / -ed /. In the gerund (simple), the ending of the / -ing / is added to the verb to give it the character of a continuing action or a generalizing tinge in order to convey through the single act all those similar to it. The table of forms of English verbs is presented below.

Irregular Verbs

There are also a certain number of exceptions that do not obey this scheme, which must be learned by heart. Not every momentary form of the verb in English is formed by substituting the ending / -ed /. There are verbs that in the past tense and in the form of the participle II change the part of the stem or the ending. There are verbs that completely "reincarnate", and those that in all three hypostases remain unchanged.

A list of English verbs that are formed incorrectly, has 100 pieces. Each of them has three forms, thus 300 verbs are obtained. On the one hand, it is not so easy to remember such a huge number of words. Moreover, one must constantly keep them in mind-for the times in which the verbs of the second (Past Indefinite) and the third (Participle II) species are required, we use everywhere, and it is necessary to determine in which case what form to use, right or wrong, and If wrong, then exactly what. On the other hand, irregular verbs are very common and are so often used in speech (both in unique meaning and in the composition of different phrases and constructions) that with most of them we get acquainted, beginning to learn English.

Taking into account the fact that among them there are modal and official verbs, one can say that irregular verbs really prevail in speech. The first place in the prevalence is taken by the verb / to be /, (/ be /, / was, were /, / been /), which can act both in its own meaning, and as a modal verb, and as a service part of speech. The most commonly used forms of it are / be, / is /, / been /, / am, is, are /, / was, were /, / will / and / should, would /, but the total / to be / totals 52 word forms, including active and passive voice, statements and negations.