Yegor Gaidar. Biography, activity. Family of Russian politicians

Today, many people shudder to recall the dashing 1990s, when millions of people were forced to experience all the hardships of the transition period from socialism to capitalism. One of the key figures in the political arena of the time was Yegor Gaidar. Although the policy has passed since the death of this politician for 5 years, disputes over the economic reforms carried out according to the plan developed by him have not been abated yet.

Yegor Gaidar: biography, nationality of parents

The surname of this politician in the former USSR was known to every schoolboy, since millions of Soviet children were brought up on the example of the heroes of books written by his grandfather - Arkady Golikov. During the Civil War, he fought in the ranks of the Red Army, and during his service in Khakassia he had the nickname Gaidar. Later, the writer took him as a surname, which then passed to his son from a second marriage with Leah Lazarevna Solomyanskaya - Timur, and then to her grandson. Thus, the father of Yegor Gaidar is Russian only on the father, and on the part of the mother has Jewish roots.

Timur Arkadevich was born in 1926 and devoted his whole life to the Soviet Navy, having risen to the rank of Rear Admiral. In parallel, he received a second higher education at the Faculty of Journalism of the WPA. Lenin and after the completion of his military career worked as a correspondent for the newspaper "Pravda" abroad. In 1955 he married the daughter of the famous Russian writer P. Bazhov - Ariadne Pavlovna, and in 1956 they had a son - Yegor Gaidar, a biography whose nationality and activities are described in the political arena below.

Childhood

Egor Timurovich Gaidar (biography, the nationality of his parents you already know) was born in Moscow. As already mentioned, he was the grandson of two famous writers. As for the nationality of the politician, he considered himself to be Russian.

At an early age, Yegor found himself in Cuba, where his father was sent as a correspondent for the newspaper Pravda. There he met Fidel Castro and Che Guevara, who visited the house in which the family of Yegor Gaidar lived.

In 1966, the boy was taken to Yugoslavia, where he became acquainted with literature banned in the USSR, and also discovered the true, unvaried meaning of the economic works of Marx and Engels.

In 1971, the family returned to the capital, and Yegor Gaidar began attending school number 152, which 2 years later he graduated with a gold medal. Having enrolled in the Faculty of Economics of Moscow State University, the young man began to study planning in the field of industry, and after receiving the red diploma he continued to improve his knowledge in graduate school.

Career and scientific activity in the pre-perestroika period

In 1980, Gaidar Yegor Timurovich defended his thesis on the mechanisms of self-financing, joined the ranks of the CPSU, which remained a member until the August putsch of 1991 , and was distributed to the Scientific Research Institute for System Studies.

There he began to work as a member of a group of young scientists headed by the famous Soviet economist Stanislav Shatalin. Soon, Gaidar and his colleagues, engaged in a comparative analysis of economic transformations in the countries of the socialist camp, formed a firm conviction in the need for cardinal reforms in the USSR.

In the same period, the scientist became acquainted with Anatoly Chubais, and around them a circle of like-minded people, united by a desire for changes in the economic sphere, was formed.

In 1986, Yegor Gaidar, as part of a group led by Shatalin, was transferred to the Institute of Economics of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, and in the scientific community, as a result of the policy of glasnost announced by Gorbachev, it became possible to discuss issues related to preparations for the transition to market relations.

Work in the field of journalism

Gaidar's ideas of economic liberalization could remain unknown to the general public if the scientist did not accept the offer to become deputy editor of the journal Kommunist, and a little later the head of the economic department of the Pravda newspaper. During this period of his activity, he actively promotes the idea of cutting budget expenditures on spheres that do not bring tangible benefits. At the initial stage of his activity as a journalist, Gaidar was a supporter of gradual reforms that could be carried out within the framework of the existing Soviet system.

Work as IO chairman of the government of the RSFSR

On the famous August night of 1991, Yegor Gaidar participated in the defense of the White House. There he became acquainted with the Secretary of State of the RSFSR G. Burbulis. The latter persuaded Boris Yeltsin to entrust the development of a program of economic reforms to Gaidar's group. In October 1991, it was represented at the 5th Congress of People's Deputies and received the approval of delegates. A few days later, Gaidar Yegor Timurovich was appointed deputy chairman of the government of the RSFSR, overseeing the economic bloc, and on June 15, 1992, became acting prime minister of the Russian Federation. On this post he stayed until December 15, 1992 and played a key role in the creation of many state institutions of the Russian Federation, such as tax and banking systems, customs, financial markets and several others. At the same time, today Gaidar's critics blame him for the negative consequences of reforms: depreciation of the population's savings, hyperinflation, a decline in production, a sharp decline in the average standard of living, and an increase in income differentiation.

Political and parliamentary crises of 1993

Yegor Gaidar, whose biography contains a reference not only to the ups and downs, did not receive the support of the deputies of the 7th Congress of People's Deputies on the issue of his appointment as chairman of the government of the country. This refusal to approve the politician to one of the most important positions in the state, together with a number of other reasons, led to the beginning of the political crisis.

From December 1992 to September 1993, Yegor Gaidar was engaged in scientific work. In addition, he advised the Russian president on economic policy. The politician was one of the key figures during the constitutional crisis of 1993, a few days before which he was appointed deputy prime minister of Chernomyrdin. It was he who turned to the Muscovites on television and called to gather near the building of the Moscow City Council. As a result, on the night of September 22, barricades appeared on Tverskaya Street, and by the morning there was an assault on the White House, which ended with the victory of Yeltsin's supporters.

Soon it turned out that Gaidar and Chernomyrdin have fundamental differences on the most important issues of the country's economic policy, so Yegor Timurovich filed a resignation petition, having previously explained the motives of his deed in a letter to the president.

Further activities

From December 1993 to the end of 1995, Gaidar was a deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Federation. In parallel, he headed the party "Democratic Choice of Russia". During the Chechen war, the politician Yegor Gaidar opposed the hostilities and called on Boris Yeltsin to withdraw from his nomination for the next presidential term. However, after the publication of the plan for the peaceful settlement of the armed conflict in Chechnya, the party led by him supported the incumbent head of state.

In 1999, the Union of Right Forces formed a bloc. Gaidar's party entered it. At the elections held in December this year, he was elected a deputy of the State Duma of the third convocation. During the period of work in the highest legislative body of the country Gaidar participated in the development of the Budget and Tax Codes.

Death of a politician

In the last years of his life Yegor Gaidar had certain health problems. In particular, in 2006, he lost consciousness during a public appearance in Ireland, was taken to the intensive care unit of one of the local hospitals and stayed there for several days. Since this event occurred the day after the report on polonium poisoning by A. Litvinenko, there were rumors in the press that Gaidar was also a victim of the attempt. An investigation was conducted, but no evidence of poison was found.

The death of Yegor Gaidar occurred on December 16, 2009 in his house, located in the village of Ouspensky near Moscow. The well-known economist was only 53 at that time. The children of Yegor Gaidar, in particular his daughter Maria, reported that the father had died of a heart attack. As for the doctors, they named the cause of the thrombus as a cause.

The funeral was held at the Novodevichy Cemetery. The wife of Yegor Gaidar and other members of his family did not want to disclose their date, so the burial took place without the presence of strangers.

Personal life

For the first time Yegor Gaidar married fairly early, at the age of 22. Irina Smirnova, the politician who met at the age of 10, became the chosen student of the 5th year student of the Economics Faculty of the Moscow State University. As Yegor Gaidar himself later admitted, his personal life during the period of study in graduate school and in the first years of work in the Research Institute of System Studies did not develop. Therefore, even in spite of the fact that in his first marriage he had two children, after the birth of his daughter, he began to think about divorce.

After a while Gaidar made a second marriage with Maria Strugatskaya. Thus, the politician became related with the famous Soviet science fiction writer Arkady Strugatsky, who became his father-in-law, and with the famous Sinologist Ilya Oshanin, who was his grandfather's wife. The second family of Yegor Gaidar lasted until his death, and in this marriage he had a son.

Children of Yegor Gaidar

As already mentioned, from the first marriage, the politician had two children: a son and a daughter. After the divorce of her parents, the girl remained with her mother, while her brother - Peter - Irina Smirnova agreed to leave her husband's parents who did not like the soul in him.

In addition, the second wife of Yegor Gaidar, who had a son from previous relationships, gave birth to another boy in the second marriage. This happened in 1990, and the child was named Paul. He is the grandson of Arkady Strugatsky and the great-grandson of Arkady Gaidar and Pavel Bazhov.

Thus, the politician has only three native children and one adopted child.

Maria Gaidar

Of all the children, politics at the moment, the daughter of the first marriage, Maria Gaidar, is most interested in herself. After the divorce of her parents at the age of 3, the girl stayed with her mother, who soon married again. When Masha studied in the third grade, the family moved to Bolivia. Before the trip the girl changed her surname, and she became Smirnova. Five years later, Maria, along with her mother and stepfather, returned to Moscow and began to attend a special school with a Spanish bias. Surname Gaidar, she returned to herself only at the age of 22, after graduating from the Academy of National Economy.

Having received a diploma of a lawyer, the girl changed several professions, having worked as a teacher, manager and planning expert, and then Yegor Gaidar's daughter tried herself as a presenter on the O2TV channel, and since 2008 - on the radio station Ekho Moskvy.

In parallel, Maria Egorovna actively engaged in political activities and since 2006 has been a member of the PCA Presidium. She always adhered to oppositional views and repeatedly became a participant in rallies and marches organized by opponents of the current authorities of the country.

On March 26, 2009, Yegor Gaidar's daughter became the youngest vice-governor of the Russian Federation, but in 2011 she announced her resignation in connection with her desire to continue her education in the US, J. Kennedy at Harvard.

Returning from the States, Maria worked for some time in the government of Moscow, and then moved to the Moscow City Duma deputies, but was not registered by the Izbercom in view of finding violations in the documents. This decision was appealed in court, but the latter left it in force.

In the summer of 2015, M. Gaidar was appointed deputy chairman of the Odessa regional administration on the recommendation of Mikhail Saakashvili, and later renounced Russian citizenship.

The most important scientific works

Yegor Gaidar, whose biography you now know, has undoubtedly played an important role in the modern history of our country. Her evaluation has yet to be given to our descendants, but one should not belittle the merits of this politician as a scientist, many of whose ideas were confirmed after his death.

One of the most interesting scientific works of Yegor Gaidar is:

• The book "The State and Evolution", dedicated to the relationship of power and property in the Russian state;
• Work "Anomalies of economic growth", which examines the reasons for the collapse of the socialist economy;
• Article "On the reform of world financial institutions", etc.

At the moment, the work "The Fall of the Empire", written in 2006, is of special interest. There Gaidar predicted the possibility of a crisis, which may arise due to fluctuations in the price of oil.