Writer Yuri Nagibin: biography, personal life, famous works

Nagibin Yuri Markovich, whose biography is presented in this article, is a well-known writer and screenwriter. Years of his life - 1920-1994. He was born in Moscow on April 3, 1920. Kirill Alexandrovich, the father of the future writer, shortly before the birth of Yuri was shot - he participated in the White Guard uprising in Kursk province. Kirill Alexandrovich managed to "bequeathed" to Ksenia Alekseevna, her pregnant wife, a friend Mark Levental. He adopted Yuri, who only in his mature years learned about who his real father was. Soon Mark Leventhal was also repressed (he was exiled). Yakov Rykachev became the second stepfather for Yuri Markovich. He was the first literary teacher of the future writer, who awakened his taste for verbal creativity.

Education, military years

Nagibin in 1938 graduated with honors from the school, and then continued his studies at the Moscow Medical Institute. He had no interest in the medical case, and he decided to go to the VGIK, to the scripted faculty. However, the institute did not manage to graduate. VGIK at the beginning of the war was evacuated to Alma-Ata, and Yuri Nagibin was drafted into the army. He was sent to the political department of the Volkhov Front in the autumn of 1941. His first stories appeared in print shortly before the war. This is the "Double Error" (1940) and "Knut" (1941).

In 1942, Yuri Markovich was on the Voronezh Front, he was an "instructor-writer". In the same year he was admitted to the Union of Writers of the USSR. Nagibin's front duties were as follows: radio broadcasts, the production of propaganda leaflets, the analysis of enemy documents. He was twice shell-shocked at the front, and after recovery for health reasons he was out of commission. After that, Yuri Nagibin worked in the newspaper Trud as a military correspondent. His front-line experience was reflected in the stories published in the collection "Man from the front" in 1943, "Two Forces" and "The Big Heart" in 1944, and "The Grain of Life" in 1948.

Friendship with Andrei Platonov

In the late 40's - early 50's Yuri Nagibin made friends with Andrei Platonov (years of life - 1899-1951). As he later recalled in his autobiography, as a result of this a whole period of his literary studies was marked by the fact that his stepfather etched Platonov out of his phrases.

Nagibin becomes famous

In the early 1950's, Nagibinu came to the author's fame. Readers noticed such stories as "Tube" (1952), "Komarov" and "Winter Oak" (both written in 1953), "Chetunov" (1954), "The Night Guest" (1955). A "Light in the window" and "Khazar Ornament", published in 1956 in "Literary Moscow", caused anger in the party press (together with "Leverage" A. Yashin). But literally a year later, stories written according to the laws of socialist realism were published in the Library of Ogonek, and the writer was "rehabilitated." Yuri Kuvaldin noted that Nagibin had to constantly balance on the verge of orthodoxy and dissidence.

Cycles of Nagibin's works

Most of the stories of Yuri Markovich, united by "through" heroes, a common theme and way of narrating, are cycles: historical-biographical, hunting, military, a series of travel stories, etc. The author has been considered for many years mainly as a novelist who aspires to tell in small about the large .

Military cycle

Nagibin's military stories are marked by the search for an individual author's style. In the last 11-volume collection of works, the author included the best of them, among which we can mention the following: "Svyazist Vasilyev" (first published in 1942 in the newspaper "Krasnaya Zvezda" under the name "Line"), "On Khortitsa", " Translator "(1945)," Vaganov "(1946). In addition, military material was used by Yuri Markovich in the following novels: 1957 "The Way to the Forefront", 1959 "Pavlik" and 1964 "Far from the War". The unveiling of the heroism of a simple soldier and military everyday life is becoming more dramatic and psychologically profound, there is a relief and subtlety in the contours of the characters. Among the works of this subject, the story "Pavlik" is especially noteworthy. Her protagonist with the help of reason overcomes the fear of death.

"Hunting" cycle

"Hunting" cycle developed over a decade - from 1954 to 1964. It includes more than twenty stories. They owe their birth to the landscapes of the surroundings of Pleshcheeva Lake and Meshchera. Yuri Nagibin's stories have a noticeable influence of the classical tradition in literature, which goes back to Turgenev's "Notes of the Hunter". The narrative is conducted from the first person. These are such works by Yuri Nagibin as "The Chase" and "The Night Guest" (1962), "The Newlyweds" and "The Meshcherskaya Side" (1964). Here Nagibin is a subtle artist of the natural world and a tester of the characters of people in a natural environment. In the relationship between nature and man, both the ecological side and the social and moral aspect are considered.

Village theme, the first script for the film

These stories prepared the development of the village theme. The observations and materials of the post-war journalistic years, the creation of essays on collective farm life for Shmein, Socialist Agriculture, Trud, and Pravda were used in the course. As a result, in 1962 the novel "Pages of Trubnikov's Life" appeared. It was she who became the basis of the script for the film "Chairman" directed by A. Saltykov in 1964. This film was a real event. Behind the clashes between Semen Siluyanov and Yegor Trubnikov, people obsessed with their ideas, a clash of two opposing systems of views, life principles-individualistic and social, was read.

New script

Creativity of Yuri Markovich was organically fit in the tendency of rural prose, gaining strength in 1950-1960. However, immediately after the release of the first picture, Yuri Nagibin tried to repeat the cinematic success. Films from his scripts began to appear one after another. Yuri Markovich soon proposed the draft of a new picture "Director". The author in the application directly informed that he had entered the family of Ivan Likhachev, one of the founders of the automobile industry of our country, a former Chekist and a revolutionary sailor, a party nominee. Yuri Nagibin married his daughter. Thus, the life story of Naghin's father-in-law became the story basis, the novel with his wife, that is, with his mother-in-law, Yuri Nagibin will openly describe later.

Biography of the writer is of interest to many, especially his personal life, which should be said separately.

The personal life of Nagibin

Yuri Markovich was married six times. One of his spouses was Bella Akhmadulina. Yuri Markovich said that with every woman he was happy in his own way. Each of them contributed something special to his life, as Yuri Nagibin admitted. Alla's wife, translator, the last wife of the writer, lived with him the longest. They were happy together for almost 25 years. Nagibin expressed his love for her in a romantic fairy tale called "The Story of the Blue Frog," which we'll talk about a little later.

Continuing work on the scenarios

During the creation of the first version of the film "Director" Eugene Urbansky, a famous actor , died. The second option, filmed after a long break, is not very memorable. Nevertheless, Nagibin continued to create scenarios that were profitable at that time. Akira Kurosawa, a famous Japanese filmmaker, produced a film "Dersu Uzala" based on his scripted work by Vladimir Arseniev, which was awarded an Oscar (though for directorial work). In the asset of Yuri Nagibin there were more than thirty paintings: "Girl and Echo", "The Indian Kingdom", "Tchaikovsky", "The slowest train", "Red Tent", "The Mystery of Kalman", etc.

"Urban" cycles

The writer Yuri Nagibin did not confine himself to production and village themes. He also created city cycles that compiled the following books: "Clean Ponds" (1962), "The Book of Childhood" (the years of creation - 1968-1975), "The Lanes of My Childhood" (published in 1971). Here Yuri Nagibin refers to the origins of the formation of the character of Sergei Rakitin, his lyrical hero, as well as his generation as a whole.

Not only the background, but also the "hero" of the cycle, Moscow itself becomes with its urban mores and way of life. In many other journalistic articles, the theme of the capital developed. They were collected in the book 1987 "Moscow ... How much in this sound." This city he considered his only attachment, although Nagibin traveled almost the whole world, except for South America. In Moscow, he lived almost all his life. Yuri Markovich was an excellent connoisseur of the history of squares, lanes and streets of the capital. It is not by chance that his last book was "The Bewildering Bell" - a work devoted to his native city. The success of Nagibin's works in the 1960s and 1970s is generally explained by the natural sincerity of the intonations, lyrical confession, clarity and ease of the syllable, rich metaphorical, unusual rhythmic structure with the final chord, in which the story was judged from the moral and ethical point of view.

Theme of creativity

In the 1970s, Yuri Nagibin attracted the theme of creativity on historical and cultural and modern material. This was reflected in the cycle of art micro-epic "Eternal Satellites" (the years of creation - 1972-1979). Their heroes were Lermontov, Pushkin, Protopop Avvakum, Tchaikovsky, Tyutchev, Annensky, Rachmaninov, and others. These works are not particularly original. According to the author himself, he did not approach, but only repelled the complete knowledge of the material from the task in hand. A creative flight appeared when memory was freed from facts that fettered the imagination. In order to recreate the "spiritual landscape", it was necessary first of all to rely on "primovision", on the feelings and "memory of sight." Hence the accusation of copyright arbitrariness and subjectivity.

Love in the work of Nagibin

Among the persistent themes of Nagibin's work, varying in different ways at different times, is a diverse and vivid love, as well as the drama of lost or unrealized happiness. Whether Nagibin wrote a fairy tale or a realistic thing, in the relationship between a man and a woman, he has a fairly stable character system: he is always defenseless and vulnerable, and she is more stable and stronger in this world. In the early 1980s, light, nostalgic motifs of prose were replaced by great acuity and topicality, tragic tension, a tendency toward socio-philosophical digressions. His satire with a parody and a farce, and also a sensuality became unexpectedness. "The stories of the blue frog" represent the confession of a "frog with human memory and longing", which he had left from his former life. And his beloved in posthuman life turned into a graceful roe deer. Nagibin's new prose criticism was condemned for "the lack of moral certainty."

Recent works

"Blue frog" in the last years of life, not only to change his skin once again, but turned himself inside out. The author with a demonstrative self-expression, not without clownish self-admiration, showed the most secret pages of his own biography. He decided to recreate the story of his father's life and his attitude towards this man ("Rise and Go", 1987), remembered his first love in the 1994 work "Daphnis and Chloe ...". In the same year he described his novel with his mother-in-law in the book "My Gold Mother-in-law", and also left a story-testament called "Darkness at the End of the Tunnel", extremely pessimistic. The "Diary" of 1995, published posthumously, is full of extreme frankness and impartial assessments of the writer's surroundings.

Death of Nagibin

On June 17, 1994, Yuri Markovich Nagibin died in Moscow. His biography is of interest to many people today. Popular among our contemporaries continue to use it is his last works. Critics from time to time break their spears, discussing the books of Yuri Nagibin. In "nagibanoborchestve" were seen, for example, Alexander Solzhenitsyn and Victor Toporov.