Homeliness, Home Security
Wiring in the bath: types of gasket, safety rules and self-assembly
The bath is a wet and hot place, therefore the electrification here has its own peculiarities. Conditions such as high humidity and with it the temperature can adversely affect the wiring and the possibility of safe operation of all the benefits of electricity. How to make wiring in a bath so that it is really safe? There are several rules.
Hidden and open transactions
A bath made of timber, log house or any other natural material is the most environmentally friendly option. In such a room you can spend time and relax. But apart from these properties and characteristics, wood is most prone to fires, which most often occur due to various malfunctions in the wiring.
Many people want the elements of the wiring to be not visible, but for safety, the wiring in a log cabin should be of an open type. Closed such opportunities do not. Here all communications are hidden under the finishing materials.
Features of open wiring
The use of such a scheme makes the process of maintenance and repair of electrical communications more simple. In the event of any breakdown, it is always possible to identify the fault location and quickly solve the problem.
Installation of electrical wiring in the bath is carried out using special cable-channels. These adaptations reduce the risk of fire of a wooden structure practically to zero - the material from which they are made is not flammable.
There are many such products of different configurations - they are distinguished by colors. It is light brown, white or brown.
To use electricity was as safe as possible, and the wiring elements were not heated above the permissible limit, the cable channels fill up to 60%. If you fill the structure completely, you lose the opportunity to remove excess heat. This is the frequent cause of closures and fires.
Closed
Experts admit this possibility. Wiring in a bath under the lining can be laid, but only if the cable is securely protected by a corrugated pipe. But it's best to use the open as a more secure way.
The project and the basics of security
The installation of electrical wiring in the bath, as in any other room, begins with the design of the scheme. Any elements of communications should be laid only strictly vertically or horizontally. Do not bend cables or twist them. To ensure that the wiring does not spoil the appearance of the room, it is placed in the most inconspicuous places. However, it is not necessary to place the system elements in front of doorways or in the corners, near heating devices and metal pipes.
Sometimes the wiring in the bath can be of a closed type. But this option can be used if communications are located in a pipe made of metal or behind a system of suspended ceilings. Particular attention in this case requires the quality of insulation of the cable connections - it is poor insulation often causes fires.
Options for laying the power line
The main power cable can be supplied in various ways. So, you can pave it by air or underground. The choice of the appropriate option depends on the remoteness of the erected structure from the switchboard.
Electrical wiring in the bath should be laid even at the time of the design of the building itself, and the choice of the solution for the power section pulling should also be chosen in advance based on the features. Both the air and the underground mode have their advantages and disadvantages.
Features of wiring in the therma, class of protection of electrical appliances
At the stage of arrangement of the steam room, it must be remembered that in such a room the presence of outlets and switches is prohibited. These elements are allowed, but their installation is allowed only in the rest areas, as well as in the waiting rooms. According to safety standards, the sockets, like the switches, must be mounted no lower than ninety centimeters from the floor.
As for the protection class, all electrical appliances must have a value of at least IP-44. Fixtures must comply with the IP-54 class. Wiring in the bath is designed in such a way that the length of the wire to the device is as short as possible. It is also forbidden to place electrocommunications under the stove.
Laying a power line through the air
This is a fairly economical option. If the distance from the shield to the building is more than 25 meters, then establish an intermediate support. The gasket can be carried out on insulators made of porcelain or by stretching.
It is important that the cable is at the correct height during installation. For example, if installation is carried out over a carriageway, then it is allowed to install it no lower than six meters above the ground. If the cable is laid over the sidewalk or any other non-roadway, then the permissible height is not less than 3.5 meters. To the bath itself the cable is brought at a height of not less than 2.75 m.
For ordinary air laying, a self-supporting insulated cable or SIP is used. Its service life is 25 years. These products are designated as follows: SIP-3, SIP-2A, SIP-4. They are equipped with a special weatherproof insulation material. Lack of such a cable: because of its features, this option is difficult to bring to the protection automaton.
As for the cable itself, it is introduced into the room through a wooden wall or a metal sleeve. The cross section of the power cable must be at least 16 square meters. Mm - it can withstand current up to 63 A. If the connection is single-phase, the maximum will be 14 kW of power. When the connection is three-phase, then the cable can withstand 42 kW. For baths this capacity is more than enough. Another drawback of this cable is that it does not bend easily.
SIP is made of aluminum wire, and it is unacceptable to conduct it through attics.
That is why directly into the room introduce communications of a different type - NYM, VVG or NG. The cross-section of these cables is from 10 sq. M. Mm. For the connection it is necessary to use hermetic connectors, and the cable of the SIP is fixed to special anchor tensioners.
Underground installation
This gasket is more expensive. In this case, the norms assume a trench up to 1 meter deep. Cable must be purchased more expensive - В56Шв. It is armored, and its veins are copper. In accordance with the high price, it has a greater level of protection. With it, electrical wiring in wooden saunas is considered safer. This cable has a steel braid between the inner and outer shells of plastic. With this protection, such a product is not afraid of mice, moles, as well as any natural disasters.
In the case of a gasket under the ground, a metal pipeline is not used - condensate will accumulate in the pipes. Entry into the room will be through the same bushing.
To perform an underground installation of the power unit, it is necessary to dig a trench up to 0.7 m deep. At the bottom of the pit fall asleep sand, then lay the cable, and then again fall asleep with sand. In the process of laying it is very important not to allow tension.
Wiring in the bath with your own hands: step by step instruction
All work will take place in several steps. So, the preparatory stage involves the purchase and preparation of all necessary materials and tools, design work. Then the installation itself is made.
Preparatory work
In order to start the installation work, you need to prepare all the necessary materials and tools. These are cables of a certain section, metal hose, sockets, switches, electrical tape. Also, tools for electrical work should be prepared. If the bath was built on a stone or concrete foundation, then you should also prepare the putty.
It is very important to choose the correct cable. To determine the correct cross section, determine the load to which the electrical wiring in the bath will be calculated. The rules recommend a current of 19 amperes to use a cable with a cross-section of 1.5 mm 2 , for a current of 70 A a cross section of 10 mm 2 is suitable.
You can also use the following formula: the maximum possible load kW / voltage B. In the calculations it is important to take into account all devices. With regard to the choice of metal hose, you should give preference to a more flexible option. The wall thickness should be at least 2 mm.
Internal installation work
When the power cable is already laid, it remains to perform internal work - in the bath conduct electrical wiring and connect all sockets, switches and other equipment.
In the process of work it is important to remember three things - phase, zero and earth. The first is the main wire that circulates the current. Zero is needed for grounding inside the mains. The earth is used to ground specific instruments. In no event can you mix these wires.
To find the phase, you need an indicator screwdriver. At the time of connecting the tip of the screwdriver with the phase, the indicator will light. The earth is a separate connector. Now it is necessary to connect the switchboard to the power section.
How to install an internal flap
Shield is usually installed in the waiting room or in the rest rooms. Directly in it is mounted the input automaton, and also the RCD. A protective shutdown device is necessary to ensure fire safety and reliable operation of lighting devices and other electrical devices. For a bath RCD is simply necessary, because there is an increased level of humidity.
Sockets, switches, boxes for external wiring should be protected against splashes. The input is recommended to be executed from the bottom. Preliminarily prepare a U-shaped elbow - this is done so that the condensate can not get inside the instruments.
All wiring in the bath should be performed only through the diffuser or special protective shutdown devices, but the breaking current must be 10 to 30 mA. It is recommended for the steam room, as well as for washing use lower voltages. However, this will require an expensive system. Experts advise to check the operation of the residual current devices every month. It is advisable to carry out all wiring with a double-insulated cable in order to avoid ignition of the room during a short circuit. In the furnace and in the steam room, an ordinary heat-resistant wire is best.
As for lighting, it is preferable to use low-voltage equipment. Conductors should be connected only by terminal method. Also, do not forget about grounding and protection from lightning.
The same wiring can be placed in both metal and corrugated tubes of non-combustible material or in metal hoses. Boxes for power cables are also better used from non-combustible materials.
Conclusion
As you can see, the wiring in the bathhouse, made with your own hands, is fully capable of ensuring safety and durable operation. If you make the right and competent project, to choose the right cables and electrical equipment, to observe the basic rules of installation and work with electricity, then everything will turn out to be. The main thing is that all the work is done very, very carefully. If the necessary knowledge for this is not, do not once again take risks. It is better to use the help of professionals.
So, we found out how you can manually conduct a power cable in a bath.
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