Who is considered a single mother? Single mother: definition by law

To date, to meet a mother who brings up her child alone is not so rare. For various reasons, a woman takes on the burden of raising a child without the help of his father. For example, when the father left the family or the mother did not want him to participate in the life of the common child, or she is a widow. The reasons are many, but who is considered a single mother officially?

A lonely mother is who?

A single mother (or single) belongs to the following category of women:

• Giving birth to a child without the establishment of a marriage relationship or after three hundred days after the official divorce;
• Whose former husband disputed his paternity, until 300 days after the divorce had expired;
• Without marriage, passed the adoption procedure (perhaps extremely rarely, usually adoption is approved by a married couple).

In the case of fulfilling one of the conditions, the woman is given a certificate of a single mother, which fixes her status (form No. 25). A child in the birth certificate in the field "father" will cross a line if the mother does not want to write it from her words.

One mother, but not alone

Above we disassembled who is considered a single mother, but there are situations in which the mother copes with the upbringing of the child alone, but does not sound lonely. Singles are not recognized:

• Divorced woman with a child, but not receiving alimony payments (for certain reasons);
• Who gave birth within 300 days from the moment when the marriage was terminated / invalidated (the registrar's offices enter the former spouse as the father of the child, even if they are not biological relatives);
• Women whose children have their paternity officially established (voluntarily or in court), even if the biological father does not live with the children;
• widow;
• Widow, when less than three hundred days passed since the death of the spouse (the registrar's offices enter the deceased spouse in the column "father");
• Mother of the child, when the father is deprived of parental rights.

In all these cases, a woman does not have the status of a "single mother", whose definition is described above.

Features of rights

Because of their status, every woman raising a child alone gets certain exclusive rights that must be known in order to successfully apply them in practice.

1. Every single mother has the right to receive all the benefits that exist for this group. As a rule, they are larger in size than in ordinary mothers. For accurate information, a woman needs to get into the social protection agencies and guardians of the population at the place of registration (not residence!).
2. A low-income single mother has the right to receive additional regional payments.
3. If a single mother marries, then absolutely all payments, benefits, rights for her remain. They are lost when the husband adopts a child.
4. A working "loner" has the right to an extraordinary vacation at any time that is right for her.
5. A woman has the right to refuse overtime or night work. This type of activity is impossible without her written voluntary consent.
6. She also has the right to a shorter working day, which is agreed in advance with the authorities and fixed in writing.
7. A single mother has the right to take a refusal from a employer who refused her admission to work, refusal in writing and apply to him in court (only if she is sure that she was refused due to her status as a single mother).
8. In the case of poor or unfit for living conditions, a woman has the right to stand in line for improving housing conditions or providing new housing .
9. A single mother is taken to a kindergarten without a queue, and a single mother receives a discount (50-70%) or full state support to pay for it.
10. When a child enters school, he is entitled to free meals (1-2 times a day).
11. The child of a single mother receives a set of textbooks, necessary for training in this school, for free.
12. A woman can get a ticket to the health complex (fully or partially paid).
13. A single mother can receive medicines from the list (the list should be asked at the polyclinic where the child is assigned) free of charge, and for expensive drugs is entitled to receive a discount in the region of 50%.
14. In the polyclinic a child from an incomplete family visits the treatment room for a therapeutic massage for free.

All these rights of a single mother in Russia are enshrined in the law, no body or organization can violate them. In case of violation, a single mother may apply to the court.

Documents for obtaining status

To consolidate the status of a single mother, a woman must complete and submit certain documents:

1. Application for the status of "single mother".
2. When a child's birth certificate is received, where the "father" column is not filled / there is a dash (or written down from the words of the woman), the mother fills out the form certificate No. 25.

These documents are taken by a single mother or mailed to the department of the USZN (Social Security Administration) at the place of her residence permit. After their processing, the woman is assigned the status of "single mother" and certain benefits are assigned.

Benefits for single mothers

All women who are considered single mothers have the right to receive increased child support. Their size should be specified in the department of the USZN, to which the beneficiary belongs by residence permit. List of benefits:

1. A one-time benefit for those who registered in the antenatal clinic for pregnancy up to 12 weeks.
2. Allowance for pregnancy and childbirth.
3. One-time payment for the birth of a child (issued and issued after childbirth).
4. Monthly allowance for the care of a child before reaching the age of 1.5 years.
5. Allowance for childcare from 1.5 to 3 years.
6. Monthly allowance for a child before reaching the age of 16.
7. Regional supplementary mother single.

Documents for registration of benefits

List of documents required for the assignment of a single mother's allowance:

1. The application for the recognition of a woman by a single mother, written in the USZN at the place of residence.
2. The birth certificate of the child.
3. A stamp on the child's certificate of citizenship (assigned to the passport office).
4. Information about the composition of the family from the housing office (confirmation of the joint residence of the mother and the child).
5. The certificate of a single mother (form number 25).
6. A certificate of income (a mother's work record or a certificate from the employment service, which states whether a woman is registered or not).
7. Mother's passport.

From all these documents it is necessary to make photocopies. From the passport is mandatory page with a photo of a single mother, a page with a residence permit, a page with a marital status, a page where the child is recorded. The entire package of documents a woman refers to the social protection department of the population at the place of its registration.

Provided benefits

The law on single mothers suggests certain benefits for women with this status:

• Increased childcare allowance (every month), which does not depend on family income.
• Supplementary amount to monthly allowance up to 1.5 years (hereinafter and up to 3 years).
• Material assistance for a child every year (about 300-400 rubles).
• A single mother (the Labor Code of the Russian Federation - a source) can not be dismissed from work on the initiative of the management until her child is 14 years old. In the case of a complete liquidation of the company / enterprise, where she is listed as an employee, she must provide a new workplace. The same implies the end of the fixed-term contract.
• The sick leave card for the care of a sick child (up to 14 years) is paid for a longer period than others.
• The employer is obliged, at the request of a single mother, to provide her with an additional 14-day leave without maintenance, which she is entitled to use together with the main or at any time that she needs.
• Employers do not have the right to deny a single mother a job, in case of refusal she can apply to the court.
• For single-parent families, local government bodies can arrange sales (children's things, hygiene products, toys, etc. at affordable prices).
• Double the size of the tax deduction.

This list should be known to every single mother and be able to appeal to him in any situation. Such women are legally protected from all sides, therefore, it is always necessary to resort to legal measures.

Subsidies for single mothers

The issue of subsidies has some difficulties that every single mother should know. The definition of the purpose of subsidies is thorough and, as a rule, long. By itself, the status of a single mother deprives a woman of any subsidies, as she receives increased benefits and payments from the state, enjoys large benefits. But if the total income of the family does not exceed the established minimum, a single mother may receive a subsidy for compensation for utility bills.

To formalize a grant (or to find out whether she is eligible), a woman should apply for information to the social protection department at the place of residence of the poor family. It is compulsory to take with you the latest receipts with checks on payment for the communal sphere, confirming that the family has no debts in this area. Further, the employee of social management will calculate all family income and will receive a coefficient for each member of the family (also for children). For this, all sources of family income are formed: salaries, pensions, allowances, scholarships, and are divided into each family member. If the resulting ratio is below the state's established standard, the single mother gets approval for this subsidy on utility bills.

Documents for a subsidy

For the initial registration and further receipt of a subsidy, a single mother must submit to the social protection authorities a package with the following documents:

1. The owner's certificate for the living quarters.
2. Mother's passport.
3. A birth certificate of a child or all children, if there are several.
4. Paid receipts confirming the absence of public utility bills over the past six months.
5. Application for the assignment of subsidies (usually filled in the transfer of a package of documents).

Inquiries for grants

1. A reference on the sources of income of all family members over the past six months.
2. The reference, in which all members of the family are written, from the housing office (it is issued in the absence of debts for communal services, all those who are registered in the apartment / house are listed).
3. A certificate of social protection indicating all benefits received by a woman.
4. Wage reference for the last six months (if the woman is unemployed or not officially working, then a certificate from the employment service on the availability and amount of unemployment benefits received ).

Federal programs

A single mother's family falls within the framework of a federal program that provides assistance to young families to improve or acquire housing. The subsidy provides for a lone mother and her child (one) living accommodation with a total area of 42 square meters. Meter. A grant is granted subject to the following conditions:

• The woman was under 35 years of age.
• Has the current status of a single mother.
• She is solvent.
• Is the waiting list for obtaining preferential housing.

But, unfortunately, citizens (including single mothers) who have the right to receive an apartment, are waiting for more than one five-year plan. In modern Russia has long been put a point on the distribution of unpaid housing. As a result, "state support" of single mothers often remains on paper. And in practice, it again turns into paper red tape, standing in lines, "pressure" on the letter of the law.

Use the protection of the state

Remember that all women who are considered single mothers are a special category of citizens who are given special help and support from the state in our country. Do not neglect this and use it to the fullest extent (as far as possible) for yourself and your child. After all, a single mother is a definition prescribed by law in legal acts.

Conclusion

This article describes everything that any single mother needs to know. But do not forget that the laws and regulations are changing, so before you collect these or other documents, find out the exact information in the bodies of social protection and in the registry offices. Take the lists of necessary documents and carefully formulate the packages that will be assigned to the registration of status or benefits.