What type of car is the best. The main types of cars and trucks. Vehicle Fuel Types

Life in the modern world can not be imagined without different vehicles. They surround us everywhere, almost no branch of industry can do without transport services. Depending on what type of car, the functionality of vehicles and transportation will be different.

Basic classification of vehicles

All road vehicles are classified according to their destination. The first category is passenger cars. They are designed to transport people, their small baggage. A distinctive feature of this type is the number of seats for passengers. Most of them are no more than nine (along with the driver). The second group includes freight vehicles. Their function is to move all kinds of goods and materials, as well as equipment. Ten or more passenger seats define such vehicles as buses (or trolleybuses). Also there is a category of motocycles. Basically, these are two-wheel or three-wheel modifications (however, the ATV has four wheels). They are small in size, the mass does not exceed 400 kilograms. Trailers, semi-trailers are placed in a separate category. These facilities are towed by a tractor, mainly intended for the transport of goods (sometimes people). What type of car is better depends on the tasks that are assigned to it.

One-volume vehicles

A characteristic feature of this category is the lack of space division into compartments. That is, such a car has a connected passenger, cargo and motor department. The engine in this case is almost inside the machine. The main advantage of these cars is the most efficient use of the internal space. It is worth noting that this type of body is found both in buses and in cars (for example, Smart). The following modifications are possible. The type of car minivan has a fairly large overall dimensions. A distinctive feature is the third row of seats. A slightly reduced model minivan - kompaktven. The "smallest" representative of monocabs is microvan. He does not have a third row of seats, the length does not exceed 4 m. It is worth noting that the latest modification is gaining more popularity. This type of car is best suited for busy roads in large cities.

Two-compartment cars

These vehicles are divided into two compartments, which are isolated from each other - the cargo-passenger and the motor. The modification has both its pluses and significant negative sides. To the merits can be attributed a large effective space, which makes it possible to transport even large amounts of luggage. However, the comfort of the car at the same time decreases. There are unpleasant smells in the cabin, noise of the rear suspension. There is also a risk of cargo falling on passengers during emergency situations. Classic representatives of two-cab cars - hatchback (liftbek), station wagon, minivan, and also a phaeton. In the universal, the trunk lid is like a separate door, it is almost vertical. The second row of seats can be folded, thus increasing the luggage space. Some of these types of cars are equipped with a third row of seats. More compact and convenient modification - hatchback. Phaeton is characterized by a soft roof, the possibility of removing door glass (for example, UAZ-469).

Three-compartment modifications of vehicles

The most common group of cars has an isolated compartment for both luggage, and for passengers, and for the engine. This type of transport is one of the safest and most comfortable, it should be taken into account when buying a car. In a frontal collision or a blow from the rear, first of all, either the trunk or the engine compartment suffers. In the cabin, no extraneous sounds can be heard (knocking the suspension, noise from the engine, etc.). In addition, thanks to a separate place for luggage, passengers do not feel foreign odors from the cargo being transported, spare parts (for example, wheels). Among the shortcomings can be noted large dimensions, which somewhat complicates maneuverability. By the type of body in this category, there are sedan, coupe, van, pick-up, limousine.

Types of car bodies (with photo) three-compartment class

Two rows of seats for passengers, the presence of four (or two) doors - the distinctive characteristics of the sedan. This car can comfortably accommodate 5 people. For the coupe is characteristic of the presence of a two-door body, one or two rows of seats. More often in a compartment it is possible to go to two people, since the back seat is symbolic. A cabriolet is a type of body that has a removable (or folding) roof. It is worth noting that the security of this modification is rather questionable. Also, convertibles attract their appearance, but certainly not practical. A long base, the presence of more than two rows of passenger seats - these are the distinguishing features of limousines. This car is one of the most comfortable for passengers. Van, pickup models with a rather large cargo department (closed or open).

Classification of trucks

Machines for the carriage of different types of goods differ in size, and characteristics, and functions that perform. Very often on the roads you can find 120-cubic-meter trucks. Their carrying capacity is about 20 tons. Such machines are used for long-distance transport. For high loads or baggage in boxes, Yumba semi-trailers are convenient. They have a small threshold. Sometimes this may not be very convenient (for example, when using euro pallets). On-board machines (shalands, open areas) are designed for transportation of a wide variety of goods: building materials, pipes, various equipment. There are also types of trucks: refrigerators (the temperature can be up to -25 ° C), machines with a lifting capacity of 3, 5, 10, 15 tons. For transportation of food products isothermal vans are used. For liquid cargoes there is also a special type of truck - a tanker truck. That is, for each type of transported material, there is the most suitable type of truck.

Main types of machine engines

The most important structural detail of the car is the engine. It is he who provides and coordinates the work of the entire system. There are different types of car engines. The internal combustion engine operates on a fuel such as gasoline. It is controlled via the pedal. The injector engine has injectors, thanks to which gasoline is injected. If you want to save on fuel costs, you should choose this option. Carburetor types of car engines are practically not used in modern models. In them there is a complicated process of mixing in a special device of fuel with oxygen. At the heart of the work of the piston, or diesel, engine lies the process of ignition of fuel, mixing it with another. As a result, the motor is activated.

Which to choose

All types of engines have their own nuances in work. Diesel vehicles do not allow you to drive too fast, since such a ride can provoke a breakdown of the pistons. Another such engine is difficult to start in the cold, it will be necessary to refuel with high-quality fuel. There are no such problems in gasoline engines. However, there is a problem with spark plugs. Recently, hybrid engines have also appeared: at low speeds an electric motor works, at higher speeds the gasoline engine is switched. In this case, a significant disadvantage of such cars is the high cost of repair and maintenance. Therefore, the choice of the type of engine depends on the needs of the person, the purpose of the vehicle.

What kinds of wheels exist

An obligatory element of the running gear of the vehicle is the wheel. Thanks to him, the movement is made, the blows soften. Depending on the purpose, distinguish the driving wheels, which convert the torque to draft power, and controlled. The combined type performs the functions of the previous ones at the same time. Support wheels are also slave, with the help of which the car is rolling. There is also a classification of wheel design. In this category, distinguish such types of wheels of cars: spoke, disk, diskless. In the first form, the connecting elements of the hub and rim are spokes. Their use is limited, most often such wheels can be found on sports cars. In the diskless wheels together with the hub the connecting part is also made. Their design is quite simple, the mass is small, the cost is also lower. Most often they are used on trucks. However, the main types of cars have disc wheels.

Car tires, their varieties and use

Quality tires - one of the most important (and not cheap) parts of the car. They are involved in the processes of inhibition, responsible for safety. They must meet a number of requirements. First, it is good to provide grip to the road, have a minimum mass, moment of inertia. The quality tire has good elastic properties, it is durable, wear-resistant, durable. Depending on the purpose, these types of car tires are distinguished: trucks, cars. There is also a classification for sealing: chamber, tubeless tires. Depending on the size, they are even divided into large, medium-sized, small-sized. Also, the tires are ordinary, wide-profile, low-profile, ultra-low profile, arched, pneumatic rollers. Of great importance is the picture on their surface. In this case, we can distinguish the following types of car tires: with a symmetrical, directional, asymmetrical pattern. Depending on the conditions in which the car will be used, distinguish between summer tires, winter and all-season tires. Tires of the first type provide maximum grip in dry weather. Winter tires are designed for a slippery snow-covered road. Also there are variants of universal rubber and rubber of cross-country ability.

Fuel for cars

The main types of fuel for cars are gasoline, diesel fuel. In the distillation of petroleum, the processing of solid fuels produces gasoline, the operational properties of which depend on both composition and detonation resistance. It is characterized by an octane number. The higher this index, the greater the resistance to detonation is this type of car fuel. The composition of gasoline can also be injected with antiknock. The quality of fuel directly affects the smooth operation of the engine. It should be noted that gasoline should not contain water, water-soluble alkali, acids, other mechanical inclusions. Another type of car fuel - diesel - is a product of oil refining. In the composition contains cetane and methylnaphthalene. The ability of diesel to self-ignite characterizes the cetane number. Optimum performance is from 45 to 50 units. The quality of diesel fuel depends on such indicators as the temperature of turbidity, congealing, the boundary temperature of filterability. The composition of sulfur must be clearly controlled. The larger, the higher the degree of corrosive wear of the engine.

Alternative fuel - gas

The main advantage that liquefied gas has is its purity. In this type of fuel there is no lead, the sulfur content is minimal, there are no other impurities. Accordingly, the engine will work much easier and longer, because the amount of carbon deposits deposited is quite small. It is worth noting and the fact that such fuel has a small cost (compared to gasoline). Developed even transport models that operate exclusively on liquefied gas. Often, these machines are used inside workrooms. Many kinds of agricultural machinery also work on this fuel. Now it is not a problem to re-equip a car for this type of fuel. The cost of such works is not high. However, it is very important to keep the possibility of using gasoline. The machine is equipped with a gas cylinder, a carburetor, a reducer-evaporator.

Which car is better

When choosing a vehicle you need to be guided by the tasks that are put before the car. If security is the main issue, then it is best to choose the three-car machines. More economical (in terms of fuel use) diesel engines. It is worth paying attention to cars with gas equipment. The choice of the truck depends on what it will be transported. The device of the car, types of its body and engine - these characteristics are taken into account in each specific case.