What are the schedules of work at the company or in the company? This question is asked by each person that he wants to optimize his work activity for a variety of reasons. The article will answer this question.
general information
The basis in this case is the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. And if you are interested in the answer to the question about what schedules of work are, then first of all you should address it to him. So, according to the legislation, we have the following regimes for working hours (they are established by internal regulations or collective agreements):
- One-time normal operating mode.
- An irregular day.
- Flexible working hours.
- Mode of shift work.
- Watch.
- Broken working day.
That's generally what schedules work. Now let's take a closer look at each of the possible options.
Single-mode normal operation
It relies on the time tracking system. It can be day, week and summation. The legislation specifies features and specifics in articles 100 and 104 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. The first two are the most common. Summarized accounting is a rather exclusive approach in our realities. It provides as a basis for a longer period than one day or a week. In addition, it is also a peculiar form of labor organization. The minimum duration can be one month, while the maximum one is a year. But there is something similar. So, everything is organized in such a way that during the accounting period of time a person has worked out an average of the working day on average. The maximum length of the shift for the cumulative accounting is not limited to the law and in practice is usually about 8-12 hours.
An irregular day
This is a special mode of work, according to which employees are involved occasionally according to the requirements of the employer to perform their functions outside the normal duration. The list of positions with such conditions is established and fixed in the framework of a special collective agreement, agreement or labor rules that operates within the organization. Feature in this case is that the employee and fulfills the general norm in the organization, and is periodically detained at the request of the employer in addition to fulfill his labor duties. That's what the schedule of employees at the enterprise is.
It should be noted that employees can be recruited only for the performance of their direct functions, which are listed in the employment contract. Legislation has its limitations with regard to persons who can remain after the normal working hours. So, it initially refers to persons of managerial, technical, administrative and economic personnel. This also applies to those employees whose work does not lend themselves to time recording, or they distribute it at their own discretion. This includes people who, because of the nature of the work, split it into pieces, which do not have a certain time of duration.
Flexible working hours
So, we continue to consider what schedules work is. This approach began to be introduced in the 80s of the last century. Initially, his goal was women, but then the rights of both sexes were equalized. This form of organization of work allows, within certain limits, self-regulation in matters of the beginning, the total duration and the end of the day. But at the same time it is necessary to fully work out the statutory total number of working hours. The basis for this form of work organization is flexible schedules. They are established within the framework of the agreement when the employee is recruited to work. In addition, they require a separate order of the employer. The use of flexible working hours is carried out in those cases when conventional graphics are undesirable for certain reasons (social, domestic, etc.) or ineffective. Also, such an approach to the organization can be applied for the optimal use of working time and a more harmonious action of the team. It is inappropriate to use such a model in a multi-shift operation and in continuous production.
The former is more relevant to non-manufacturing enterprises and office institutions. And now let's look at what are the interchangeable work schedules. That is, how the production facilities operate.
Shift mode
This is what is called activity, which is carried out by several "waves" of people throughout the day. As an example, we can cite standard work in three shifts, each of which is eight hours in each. In this case, as a rule, employees work at different times of the day. This approach is used in cases where the duration of the production process is higher than the duration of daily work. It can also be used in cases where there is a need to use equipment more efficiently, to increase the volume of products created at the same capacities. The work schedule implies that one shift will enter the active phase immediately after the second.
Watch
This is a special mode of implementation of the labor process, which is at a considerable distance from the permanent place of residence of workers, when their daily return home is not possible. It is used to reduce the time required for certain works, as a rule, in remote and / or uninhabited places. We also apply to areas with special natural conditions. A specific feature of this form of labor organization is the fact that workers live in specially created shift camps. They usually have a complex of residential buildings and special structures that provide life for people during their stay in the given territory. All the staff at the same time is replaceable. That's what schedules work. It was the penultimate regime.
Broken working day
We have already considered almost all the options for what schedules work. Now we will pay attention to the last of them. The division of the working day into separate parts is regulated by Article 105 of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation. This approach is used in cases where there is a special nature of labor (for example, a different intensity). But the total duration of work should not exceed the established rate. Legislation does not specify the number of parts that can be broken. In practice, division into two separate intervals of time is most often used. A break is used for the separation, the duration of which is not more than two hours. It also includes lunch time. Breaks are not paid.